APES 21 



Unless under such conditions its pursuer is able to bring it down with a 

 safe shot at a distance, he may give himself up as lost. 



E. Family Life. 



The female has only one young each year, which it nurtures with the 

 greatest tenderness, and, in case of need, defends at the cost of its own 

 life. The same maternal love, often even in an exaggerated form, we 

 meet with in all the monkey tribe. Every evening the Orang-Utan 

 builds a nest out of branches and leaves in the fork of a tree, in which 

 it passes the night. 



F. The Orang-Utan as compared ivith Man. 



The Orang-Utan belongs to those apes which in their bodily structure 

 approach nearest to man. It differs, however, from the latter in the 

 following points, several of which have been already mentioned in our 

 previous remarks : 



1. The body is stouter and the belly more prominent. Its walk is 

 never perfectly erect. 2. It possesses a neck-pouch and cheek callosities. 

 3. It has a coat of long hair. 4. The cranial cavity is extremely small, 

 and the brain consequently but poorly developed. 5. The jaws are very 

 prominent, almost like a snout ; the facial angle, accordingly, in the 

 adult only reaching 30 degrees. 6. The face is thrown into many folds, 

 and the lips much swollen. 7. The canine teeth are very large, like 

 those of the carnivora. 8. The nose is flattened, the nasal septum 

 prolonged beyond the nasal wings. 9. The ears resemble those of man, 

 but are placed higher up on the head. 10. Arms very long ; the hands, 

 with short thumbs, do not exhibit the fine structure of the human hand. 

 11. Legs short, with prehensile feet. 12. It is, however, in its intel- 

 lectual faculties, which (as is the case with all other man-like apes) are far 

 inferior to those of the lowest savages {Papuans), as well as in the absence 

 of an articulate language, that a wide gulf separates the Orang- XJtan from 

 man. 



This gulf is still further widened when we come to compare man 

 with the lower apes, many of which have a long tail, cheek-pouches, 

 anal callosities, etc. 



Other Apes. 



Family I. — In all monkeys which inhabit the Eastern Hemisphere 

 the nasal septum is narrow, so that the nostrils are open in front. They 

 are hence designated Narrow- Nosed, or Catarrhini, or, according to 

 their geographical distribution, as Old-World Apes. 



(a) Among the Man-like Apes we class those of the Catarrhini, 



