BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS 



321 



Female, Eggs and Caterpillars of the Large "White 

 Cabbage Butterfly. 

 e. W. Female depositing eggs ; E., eggs ; R. S., caterpillar, 

 which is being stung by an ichneumon fly; R. M. , cater- 

 pillar with maggots of ichneumon fly breaking through its 

 tod}' and entering upon the pupa stage ; R. P. , caterpillar 

 surrounded by the pupa? of the ichneumon fly. 



Imago and Pupa of the Large White Cab- 

 bage Butterfly. 

 f. W. , female flying ; r.M., male at rest ; P., pupa. 



dition be utterly unsuitable for sheltering 

 the pupa. The larva therefore abandons 

 them and creeps up walls, planks, and tree- 

 trunks in search of a suitable place for under- 

 going its transformation. 



2. To enable the pupa to maintain a firm 

 hold on its support, the larva, before passing 

 into the pupal stage, fastens itself by a web. 

 The material of this web is secreted from two 

 large glands, and is 

 set free from the la- 

 bium in the form of a 

 thread, which rapidly 

 hardens. After wind- 

 ing two or three 

 threads over the place 

 it has settled on, the 

 larva bends its bead 

 towards the posterior 

 part of its body and 

 draws another thread 

 across its body, which 

 is fastened on the 

 right and left to the 

 supporting surface. 

 This process is re- 

 peated until finally a 

 strong belt or band 

 has been spun, which 



