TWO-WINGED INSECTS 



38l 



Allied Species. 



The Crane Flies or Daddy Long-legs (Tijnrfa) are noticeable for 

 their long legs, which drop off if the insects are only lightly touched. 

 These creatures do not sting (proboscis very short), but live on the juices 

 of plants. Their larva? live in rotten wood or 

 in the earth. v 



The most formidable torments of hot countries 

 are the various species of stinging gnats 

 usually known under the common Portu- 

 guese name of Mosquitoes, i.e., flies or 

 gnats. 



Sub-Order 3 : Fleas (Aphaniptera). 



As an example of the fleas, all of 

 which live as parasites upon other crea- 



E.2. 



Gnat and its Metamorphosis. 



M., Male (the adjoining line indicates the natural size) ; W., female depositing eggs ; E.I., egg 

 cluster (somewhat magnified) ; E.2. , a few of the eggs (more strongly magnified) — from one 

 of the eggs the larva has already escaped, and its lid is therefore burst open ; L. , larva; (the 

 line indicates their natural size) ; P., pupa? ; out of pupa, P. 1., a perfect insect is shown 

 escaping. 



tures, we shall mention the Human Flea (Pule.r irrltans). As in all 

 blood-sucking insects, its mouth parts are both piercing and suctorial (see 

 gnat). Being wingless, all the somites of the thorax may be separate. 



