Oe es" ga (= a 
DISEASES OF THE BREATHING AND 
CIRCULATORY ORGANS. 
Coughing, Grunting, Whistling, Roaring. Asthma and Broken-Wind. 
Chill, Common Cold or Catarrh, and Chronic Catarrh. Sore Throat or 
Laryngitis. Bronchitis—Acute, Chronic, and Mechanical. Congestion 
of the Lungs. Inflammation of the Lungs. Pleurisy, Palpitation of 
the Heart, and Intermittence of the Pulse. 
COUGHING, GRUNTING, AND WHISTLING... 
HAVING now concluded our sketch of the general diseases of the horse, 
which are included under “ medicine,” we propose to treat in order of the 
several disorders of the breathing mechanism to which this animal is 
subject. Before commencing our description of the diseases of the organs, 
we must briefly refer to certain important symptoms associated for the most 
part with disorders of the respiratory tubes, and we may conveniently speak 
in the first place of “ coughing.” 
Coughing is a symptom of various diseases, the signs and treatment of 
which will be described in their respective order. It is a modification of 
breathing, and it consists of a deep-drawn inspiration, followed by closure of 
the orifice of the main air tube at its opening into the back part of the 
mouth, and by one or more short but violent expiratory efforts. Generally 
it is excited by irritation at this opening, or in the breathing tube or its 
ramifications ; but sometimes it may be a nervous affection. 
Cough is dry or moist. Dry cough is of several varicties,—short, hollow, 
hacking, broken-winded, and spasmodic. It is characteristic of irritation 
and of dryness of the lining membrane of the breathing tubes. In the early 
stages of inflammation it is loud, long, and sonorous ; and becomes rasping, 
and afterwards moist. In chronic disease of the larynx, or upper part of the 
air tube, it is loud, soft, and hollow. In the early stages of bronchitis it has 
a hollow metallic sound, and afterwards becomes moist, and is more or less 
painful throughout the disease. In acute inflammation of the lungs the 
cough is short, and in the later stages of the disease it is accompanied by 
expectoration of a rusty coloured secretion. In pleurisy the cough is dry 
and hacking, and is sometimes broken, as it were, in the middle. 
