4! 
of two drachms, with three drachms of_liquor arsenicalis, ir in the form of a 
draught twice daily with a pint of water, after feeding. In very bad cases, 
the sound may be lessened by pads attached to and fitted carefully over the 
nostrils, so as to regulate the amount of air entering the larynx. If this 
method is effectual, a tube may be passed through an opening made in the 
windpipe, and kept there for the remainder of the life of the animal. The 
electrical current, together with the use of such drugs as nux vomica, 
the iodide, the chlorate, and bicarbonate of potassium, liquor rarsénicalis,, 
and arseniate of of i iron, | mn, constitute probably the ‘most _useful of all combined 
methods of treating roaring. In ( Germany, the removal of one of the » 
cartilages of the larynx is recommended; but this treatment is not very 
successful, and we therefore pass it by. Bad roarers can be used for slow 
work, but they thrive badly.as a rule, and often succumb to slight disorde 
more especially of the breathirig organs. 
ASTHMA AND. BROKEN-WIND. 
ASTHMA of the horse is a morbid condition, characterised by attacks of 
difficulty of breathing. It probably depends as in man, upon spasm of the 
small. air tubes in the lungs, and is often accompanied by a wheezing 
noise, which is more distinct than in the allied disease. 
One of the chief predisposing causes of asthma is inherited tendency ;. 
but fatigue, overwork, general debility, and other factors also play a prominent 
part in its production. It bears a close resemblance in many points to broken 
wind, of which we shall treat shortly ; and if prolonged, it not unfrequently 
terminates in this chronic malady. By some authors asthma is regarded as 
an early stage of broken-wind, but as many cases undoubtedly recover 
without ever passing into this more serious condition, and as the treatment 
required is essentially different, we have thought well to consider it separately. 
“Asthma is characterised by sudden spasmodic difficulty of breathing, which 
resembles that of broken-wind, in that the inspiration is easier than the 
expiration. The latter is usually of a jerky character, but has a less distinct 
double action than in the allied malady. In asthma also the wheezing noise 
made is more distinct, and there is more exhaustion with less cough, which is 
not so, hollow as in broken-wind, but is short, quick, or suppressed. The 
suddenness of aftacks of difficulty of breathing, their severity, their rapid 
accession and decline, and their unaccountable disappearance, are marked 
features of asthma. The febrile disturbance is severe when the attack is fully 
developed, the chest is fixed as it were, and there is increased movement of the 
muscles of the belly. When the cough is severe, small pellets of mucus are 
discharged through the nostrils. Ifwe listen to the fore part or to the side of the 
chest, we can distinctly hear the wheezing sound. The spasms may last a few 
days, or may extend over several weeks, and then disappear or pass impercept- 
ibly into broken-wind. In attacks of asthma, the horse should be placed in a 
well-ventilated roomy box, and the diet should consist of bran mashes, and 
