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their walls becomes interfered with. Wasting of the walls now follows, and 
air accumulates among the tissue which binds the air-cells together. The 
heart, now having more work to do in consequence of these changes in the 
lungs, becomes accordingly enlarged on the right side. Now that we have 
seen what the proximate causes of broken-wind are, let us review its remote 
causes, The first is hereditary influence. The offspring may inherit the 
same bodily conformation and temperament as the parents, and thus be 
liable to be similarly affected. Again, defective dietetic conditions are largely: 
responsible for the production of broken-wind. As the diet of the coarser 
breeds is frequently innutritious and bulky, and the animals are worked after 
a heavy meal with full allowance of water, they are more frequently affected 
with the disease than better bred horses which are more carefully attended 
to. Chopped hay and oat straw in large amounts are also said to be potent 
causes of broken-wind, Finally, sometimes the malady may follow as the 
result of previous inflammation of the lungs. 
The symptoms in confirmed cases of broken-wind are unmistakable, but 
when not so fully developed, the disease may be occasionally overlooked. 
The inspiratory movement is performed rather quickly and with ease, while 
the expiratory act is more prolonged, difficult, and accomplished by two 
apparent efforts. It begins rapidly, and is suddenly stayed before the act 
is finished. The cough is characteristic, being short, of little force, and 
suppressed, It seems to be ejaculated with a kind of a grunt through the 
upper part of the windpipe. When the animal is in fair condition, the cough 
generally occurs only at long intervals, and rarely in paroxysms ; but at the 
commencement of the disease, and when the horse is excited from any cause 
during exercise, or at any other time, it is apt to be very severe and continued. 
In’ many instances cough -is one of the first ‘indications of broken-wind. 
After feeding, the symptoms are more severe, and they are liable to 
exacerbations from extremes of heat and cold or other atmospheric changes. 
‘The chest being rounder than it should be, its movements are much impaired ; 
while the movements of the belly are violently put into action during an 
attack of coughing. In well marked cases, a loud sonorous wheezing 
noise can be distinctly heard by those near the animal. In confirmed cases 
the digestive organs are weak and easily deranged. The horse is debilitated, 
unthrifty, and the coat is often harsh, dry, and scurfy. When worked he is 
easily fatigued, and perspires readily ; and the bowels are generally loose. 
Finally, we turn to the treatment of this disease. Above all things 
it is essential that the diet should be carefully regulated. The food should 
be nutritious, digestible, and in moderate quantity, and the water supply 
should be well regulated. Dry hay should not be allowed, but freshly mown 
grass or lucerne and carrots may be substituted with great advantage. 
The corn may be bruised and damped. The animal must never be worked 
immediately after a full meal. The general hygienic arrangements should be 
looked after, the stable should be well ventilated, and the general health 
attended to. The symptoms of broken-wind may be ameliorated by all 
xemedies which improve the general condition and the digestive powers of 
