45 
discharge from the nose, and occasionally cough and sore throat. Symptoms of 
fever are also sometimes present. The causes of catarrh are sudden variations 
in the temperature, exposure to cold and damp, hot and badly-ventilated 
stables, and contact with affected animals. Young animals, when first brought 
up into warm stables, are especially liable to attack. During the change of 
the coat there is also great predisposition to catch cold. The symptoms are 
sneezing, redness and dryness of the membrane lining the nostrils, followed 
by a discharge, which is at first thin, but soon becomes turbid, yellowish-white, 
and profuse. There is also redness of the membrane lining the eyelids, with 
discharge of tears and drooping of the. head. Febrile symptoms are 
sometimes manifested, and.vary much in intensity. The temperature may rise 
about three degrees, or even a little higher. The pulse and respiration are 
also usually accelerated, and the appetite is impaired. Debility and general 
dulness frequently supervene. Such cases as these almost invariably terminate 
in recovery. In mild cases, rest from work in a warm and well-ventilated but 
not draughty loose box, with attention to the diet will suffice. In all cases 
where the febrile manifestations are at all severe, a febrifuge draught, 
consisting of liquor ammonii acetatis four ounces, of nitric ether one ounce 
and a half, of chlorate of potassium one drachm and a half, and sufficient 
water to make a pint, may be given three times daily. When the bowels are 
much confined, enemas of warm water may be given, and, if necessary, two or 
three drachms of aloes may be administered in addition. If the throat be 
sore, and the cough troublesome, we may administer in addition one 
drachm of camphor. In the early stages, while the membranes are dry, 
inhalation of hot water vapour is useful in relieving the irritation. When 
the throat symptoms are severe, compound liniment of camphor, or 
liniment of turpentine should be applied externally. The diet should be 
laxative, consisting of scalded oats, oatmeal, or linseed gruel and green food. 
te Chronic catarrh of the nose, or chronic nasal catarrh, is a discharge of 
varying character from the nostrils, and it may be continuous or irregular. 
Most of these cases are due to an unhealthy condition of the membrane lining 
the nose, and are the result of protracted and severe acute catarrh. It may 
also arise from external injuries, decay of the upper grinders, and other 
conditions. There is a discharge of a greenish, purulent fluid, and the 
membrane lining the nose is of a leaden hue, or it may be blanched and 
thickened. The general health is generally somewhat impaired. In these 
cases the animal should be rested, and liberal diet allowed. Internally, a 
draught containing two drachms of. of citrate of iron and ammonium, and two 
ara achms of carbonate of ammonium, with one drachm anda half of tincture 
“of nux yomica. may be Been Dp in a pint of water twice vice daily. ~ ‘Locally, Totions 
af water, may be injected up th the nostrils by 
through a nasal funnel. In ‘many cases the insufflation of atomised eae is 
to be preferred to lotions. Equal parts of iodoform and star rch finely powdered, 
’ blown up into the nostrils in quantities of about a sachin. at a time, will be 
found a very efficacious reeds iy : 
= a 
