47 
of breathing. Hot fomentations to the throat are also very useful; but if the 
general distress and difficulty in breathing continue, it may be necessary for 
the veterinary surgeon to open the windpipe, in order to avert suffocation. 
This extreme step, however, is not often required, The hot water vapour 
may be generated by pouring hot water over chopped hay or bran in a nose 
bag, and may be medicated by the addition of one ounce of tincture of opium 
to the quart of water, or as above. In the mild forms of larnygitis, the 
inhalations and fomentations to the throat may be followed up by- the 
application of stimulating liniments to the outside of the throat. 
Internally, in sore throat, febrifuges may be given, in the form of 
draughts administered every four hours. The formula prescribed in common 
cold, will prove likewise very serviceable in this disease. The diet should be 
soft and laxative, and the animal should be warmly clad and carefully 
attended to. When swallowing is very difficult, it will be necessary to give 
all medicines in the water or food. Belladonna jis a useful drug in the early 
pie ae i 
stages of sore throat, in addition to the above remedies; and two drachms of 
the extract may be administered twice daily, by placing the medicine between 
the horse’s teeth in the form of an electuary. During recovery, the diet 
should be as nutritious as possible, and vegetable and mineral tonics should 
be given, in order to combat the great prostration usually left in these 
cases. The form or_a_toni tioned in treating ir influenza would. 
prove very serviceable in this disease also. 
BRONCHITIS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHIAL 
TUBES. 
BRONCHITIS is an inflammation of the lining membrane of the bronchial 
tubes or prolongations from the windpipe into the lungs. Sometimes it is. 
limited to the large tubes, or it may extend to the ultimate ramifications. 
The causes of bronchitis are debility; previous attacks of bronchial 
inflammation ; exposure to cold and damp; irritation of the tubes by noxious 
vapours, or by the accidental entrance of fluids or solids into the bronchial 
tube. Bronchitis also often accompanies influenza, and is met with in certain. 
other fevers, and under various malhygienic conditions. We thus see that 
there are three forms of bronchitis—frimary,; secondary, 7.¢., coexisting with, 
or following after, certain fevers and other diseases; and mechantcal, or 
depending on noxious vapours, fluids, or solids, irritating the lining membrane 
of the tubes. Acute bronchitis is usually ushered in with chilliness, malaise, 
and febrile symptoms, though in many cases these may be trivial. When 
fully developed, besides the symptoms of ordinary catarrh, there is a frequent 
hard and sonorous cough, which gradually becomes of a softer kind. The 
appetite is impaired, and the horse is dull and dejected. The pulse is 
increased in number and is rather soft. The respirations are much accelerated,. 
being relatively much higher than the number of pulse beats, and in many 
severe cases they are as numerous as the pulse, and may exceed it in number. 
As the disease progresses, there is expectoration of a scanty, ropy, tenacious. 
