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not advisable to repeat the bleeding, nor to apply mustard or other irritants 
to the sides, as these measures merely annoy the animal, and thus increase the 
difficulty of breathing. Cloths, however, wrung out from hot water may be 
applied closely to the chest. After being well wrung out from hot water and 
applied, a dry rug_ should be placed over them, the whole being fastened with 
asurcingle. These hot cloths should be renewed at intervals of one hour 
and a half, or two hours. In order to guard against inflammation of the lungs, 
which sometimes succeeds acute congestion, as well as to prevent a 
recurrence of the congestion itself, careful management is required for some 
time after the abatement of the acute symptoms. The diet should be light 
and nutritious, and water may be allowed freely from the first onset of the 
disease. The box in which the horse is placed should be well ventilated, but 
“not draughty, and the body must be kept warm with clothing. 
8 INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 
INFLAMMATION of the lungs or pneumonia, rarely occurs alone in the horse, 
but is. mostly associated with bronchitis and pleurisy. We have already 
mentioned that it not unfrequently follows congestion of the lungs. The 
usual exciting causes of this affection are sudden chills, exposure to wet and 
cold, especially after severe exertion or fatigue, and confinement in draughty 
or foul and badly-ventilated stables. It is especially prevalent during spring 
and autunin, when sudden changes in the atmospheric condition are of 
frequent occurrence. It may complicate specific fevers, such as influenza and 
anthrax. — 
Pneumonia is frequently ushered in by a severe shivering fit. The horse 
“becomes dull and dejected, and the pulse, though variable, is generally 
accelerated, and often reaches go—100 beats per minute. The breathing also 
is quickened and shallow, sometimes reaching as high as 50 or 60 per 
minute, and if pleurisy be also present, it is painful, and though the chest 
walls move but little, the belly heaves quickly to and fro. The temperature 
is raised, and may be from 103° to 106° F. The skin and extremities are 
cold, and the membrane lining the nostrils is red and injected. The bowels 
are constipated, the horse loses his appetite, and wanders to and fro in his 
“box in a dull, dejected manner, showing no inclination to lie down. There 
may be a dull, dry cough, not of that suppressed and painful character so 
noticeable in pleurisy. There is seldom much expectoration, though rusty © 
or blood-stained, more or less viscid, tenacious matter is sometimes 
discharged through the nostrils; whereas in bronchitis it is more or less 
purulent and yellowish. As the disease progresses, the respirations, which 
at the outset are not much accelerated, become more rapid until the crisis, 
when they are, as mentioned above, much quickened and shallow. The 
breathing is also sometimes much accelerated in paroxysms, which are not 
infrequent during the progress of the malady, The febrile symptoms extend 
over a period of several days, or even longer.’ In favourable cases they then 
subside, and the cough, which beccmes moister and more easy, gradually 
ceases, 
