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the functions of the stomach must thus be, to some extent, altered im 
accordance with this and other unavoidable changes. 
, 
A, THE SToMACH OF A SHEEP; B, THAT OF A MusK-DEER ( Zragulus. ) 
a@., esophagus ; Rz., rumen; Ret., reticulum; Fs., psalterium; 4., 42., abomasum ;: 
Du., duodenum ; Py., pylorus. (After Huxley.) 
When out at grass, the horse has plenty of time for feeding; and likewise 
in the stable, he requires ample ieisure for this purpose. We must remember’ 
that, the drier the food, the more saliva is secreted, and the longer it is retained. 
in the mouth, in order that the starchy material contained in it may become’ 
converted into soluble sugar. The equine tribe, unlike the bovine, cannot’ 
ruminate. The ox, having filled the mouth, bestows little care upon the’ 
comminution of the food, by which means the herbage is formed into a pellet.. 
The jaw is moved twice or thrice, and the mouthful is forwarded at once’ to 
the rumen. This receptacle is large, and is somewhat hastily filled. Then the 
ox retires to a quiet spot, and there enjoys the meal, the grass being 
regurgitated and fully masticated, during which time the animal is said to be: 
chewing the cud. The horse has no such power. The food eaten must be 
well masticated, before it enters the stomach, and for this, time is required 
(Mayhew). It is well known that the Tartary horses are trained to undergo 
_prolonged fasts, and to live on small quantities of food, and they are, in 
