68 
ounce of bicarbonate- of potassium, with half a drachm of chlorate of 
potassium may be given in the drinking water twice daily, so long as the- 
disease lasts. 
INFLAMMATION OF THE TONGUE, 
INFLAMMATION of the tongue is not often seen in the horse, except when 
resulting from the action of irritants or from mechanical injury. It may 
follow on inflammation of the structures near it. The tongue becomes- 
swollen, hot, tense, and painful, and soon protrudes in consequence of its. 
increase in size. There is difficulty in swallowing, and saliva and mucus. 
accumulate in the mouth. Gargling firstly with warm water, and afterwards- 
with carbolic acid lotion (one in forty of water), or alum lotion (four drachms. 
in eight ounces of water), is very useful. We spoke, in treating of anthrax,. 
of a disease called glossanthrax, and this rare malady, we said, was nearly 
always fatal. It has nothing to do with simple inflammation of the tongue,. - 
though one of its chief manifestations is the enormous size which the organ: 
assumes. 
CRIB-BITING AND WIND-SUCKING. 
CRIB-BITING is a habit in which the horse seizes hold of the manger witlr 
his teeth, and forces out wind from the stomach. “In wind-sucking the 
horse smacks his lips, gathers air into his mouth, extends his head or 
presses it against some solid body, arches his neck, gathers his feet together, 
and undoubtedly swallows air, blowing himself out sometimes to a tremendous. 
extent ” (Williams). As may be imagined, the latter vice is more serious in 
its consequences than the former, though both constitute unsoundness.* 
They both cause digestive derangement, but it seems not improbable that 
wind-sucking may be an effect as well as a cause of indigestion and impaired’ 
general health. Enforced idleness is one of the causes of these habits. 
Other factors are dyspepsia, and imitation of animals addicted to these vices. 
Crib-biting wears away the foremost edges of the central and lateral incisor 
teeth, and by this worn appearance of the teeth, the habit of the horse is 
easily detected. There are various ways in which these vices may be 
‘prevented. The most common method is to place a strap round the neck 
loose enough to allow the swallowing of food and drink, but too tight to-- 
admit of the muscles of the neck being tightly contracted. 
“As we shall frequently have occasion to refer to the question of unsoundness, it seems advisable 
to give our readers the legal interpretation of the term, It is as follows :— 5 
“Tf at the time of sale the horse has any disease which either actually does diminish the natural 
usefulness of the animal, so as to make him less capable of work of any description, or which in its ordinary 
progress wzd2 diminish the natural usefulness of the animal, this is unsoundness ; or if the horse has, 
either from disease or accident, undergone any alteration of struct, “re, that either actually does at the 
time, or in its ordinary effects 27/2 diminish the natural usefulness of the horse, such a horse is 
unsound.” (Lord Ellenborough in the case of Elton 7, Brogden, 4 Camp. 281). 
It will be seen from this, that the term wmsoundness is an extremely elastic one, and therefore 
that the very greatest care should be taken in pronouncing a horse sound. 
ant PifeLs 
