74 
The horse is now well, and completely recovered. : 
We have also used this valuable salt in cattle. A cow had been 
constipated for four days, and had during that period absolutely no passage. 
She had received full doses of Epsom salts, linseed oil, castor oil, aloes, 
jalap, calomel, and other aperients. Half a grain of sulphate of eserine was 
injected into the jugular vein, with no other results, than pain’ manifested. 
by frequent moanings, gurglings in the bowels, and restlessness. After an 
interval of half an hour, three-quarters of a grain were injected. In nine 
minutes the cow passed hard lumps, and fluid feces. On the following day,. 
three-quarters of a grain was again injected with good results. The animal 
had two or three passages afterwards during the day, and then made a 
gradual but complete recovery. 
We have tried it in three or four other cases, and find that unless-from 
three-quarters to one grain is given, and that by intra-venous injection, little or 
no action is produced. It is well to bear in mind that this drug should never 
be given except in very severe cases, as the action is so extremely excessive. 
DIARRHEA. 
DIARRHEA is the general term applied to abnormal fluidity, and increased” 
amount of the alvine discharges. The proximate causes of diarrhoea are 
excessive secretion from the walls of the gut, combined with increased action 
of its muscular coats. These conditions are in their turn either due to direct 
irritation of the lining membrane from without, as, for instance, by food,. 
foul water, parasites, or to indirect nervous influences. Perhaps, of all causes 
of diarrhoea, the most frequent in the adult animal are injudicious and irregular’ 
dieting. Sudden changes in the diet, especially from a dry to a moist or 
laxative one, ingestion of certain substances, copious draughts of cold water, 
when the animal is heated after exposure to the sun’s rays or exertion, and 
feeding immediately after severe work or exposure to cold and damp, may be 
mentioned as specially liable to induce diarrhcea. In plethoric horses, doing 
very little work, a small amount of exercise will often bring on an attack of 
diarrhcea. In some cases of diarrhoea there is great prostration, the 
breathing becomes more rapid, and pain in the belly is not uncommon. 
The pulse is usually not much altered. 
In the young, diarrhoea in many instances differs from that of the adult,. 
having characteristic features of its own. The form of diarrhoea to which we 
refer is a specific catarrh of the bowels which, though not contagious in foals,. 
as it is probably in the bovine tribe, is, nevertheless, a far more serious. 
affection than ordinary diarrhoea of the adult. It owes its origin to defective 
sanitary arrangements, and also to changes in the quality of the milk. Such 
changes are traceable in some instances to the fact that the mare is worked. 
hard during the day, and returns at night to her foal, which, after its fast 
during the day, is apt to take more milk than it can well digest. The 
. Symptoms of this diarrhcea of foals usually appear during the first two or three:_ 
