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oats. In some parts of the country, where the water contains a large amount 
of the salts of calcium or maghesium, cracked heels are more common than 
elsewhere. In slight cases of cracked heels, all that is necessary is the 
application of some simple soothing ointment once or twice daily. Ointment 
-of boracic acid, is as good as any we are acquainted with. Take of bees’ 
wax one part, paraffin two parts, almond oil two parts; melt and add in 
fine powder boracic acid (warmed) one part; mix and stir. Zinc ointment 
is also a fairly good application ; so also is an ointment of camphor one part, 
almond oil four parts, wax three parts. 
4° ~=When more astringent applications are required, ointments containing 
acetate of lead are valuable, such as almond oil six parts, and solution of 
-subacetate of lead one part. Another valuable application, recommended in 
our “Veterinary Pharmacology, and Therapeutics,” is the. compound 
ointment of petroleum, made of white precipitate of mercury one drachm, 
liquor carbonis detergens one drachm, vaseline one ounce. Another good 
application may be made of citrine ointment four parts, atone: oll two parts, 
paraffin two parts, and camphor o one part. — 
“Any of these oifitments will relieve the irritable condition of the skin. 
‘They should be applied not only after the day’s work is over, but also before .. . 
the horse starts his day’s work in the morning. It is rarely necessary to 
_administer any medicine internally ; but, where the inflammation is very 
pronounced, it is well to give four or five drachms of aloes, and rest the 
animal for three days, in the meantime feeding him on mashes and warm 
water. Half an ounce of bicarbonate of potassium may also be given in the 
drinking water twice daily for several days. Locally it is best not to apply 
astringent ointments, so long as the part remains very red and inflamed, but 
to poultice it with bran for two or three days. In inveterate cases, when the 
part continues to discharge, we may paint it with a solution of nitrate of 
-silver (fifteen grains to the ounce of water), once daily for two or three days. 
GREASE AND GRAPES. 
WE have now to consider the symptoms and treatment of grease, and of its 
more aggravated condition termed grapes. Not much is known of the actual 
pathology of grease, but of its causes and of the best means of curing it our 
knowledge is much more definite. Grease is an inflammatory condition of 
tthe skin of the limbs, characterised by heat, pain, and sometimes by 
lameness, and manifested by a sore or ulcerated condition, not uncommonly 
attended by manifestations of constitutional febrile disturbance. From the 
skin there oozes a thick, serous, oily discharge, which, if not frequently 
removed, becomes fetid. In marked cases, little red nodules in clusters grow 
-on the affected limb, and these are termed grapes. This latter condition is 
not uncommon among heavy cart horses, which have been kept in dirty 
stables, and are not well attended to. 
As grease is a condition which only too often becomes chronic, leading 
to permanent inflammatory thickening of the limb, one cannot afford to 
