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laxative nature, such as oil cake gruel, should be allowed, and internally 
some tonic medicine will often prove of great service. In serious cuts the 
bruised parts should be fomented with warm water ; but, if not severe, the 
application of the above ointment will be sufficient. Should any matter be 
formed in the injured part, a horizontal opening at the lower part is 
_ necessary, in order to allow it to escape. Afterwards cooling and astringent 
‘lotions are very valuable, and may judiciously be combined with steady 
pressure by means of bandages. 
By the term “warbles” are meant swellings caused by undue localised 
‘pressure of the saddle or collar. If the irritation continue, the tumour may 
suppurate, and matter be formed. Thus a more serious state of things is set 
up, necessitating rest and careful treatment. In most instances, cooling 
applications and removal of the pressure will relieve the inflammatory 
condition of these swellings ; but, when this process is more severe, warm 
water fomentations and poultices are indicated. When the swelling remains 
Z unabated, and matter threatens to form, the ointment of oleate of mercury 
may be applied. When formed, the matter must be liberated by the knife, 
and poultices ‘assiduously applied. To hasten the healing process, the 
antiseptic ointment above-mentioned, (viz. that of eucalyptus, iodoform, and 
carbolic acid) will will prove useful. Afterwards, as the sore heals, astringent 
. lotion of alu alum, 1, tincture of myrrh, and cold water will harden the disordered 
tissues. During the process “of cure, the horse must have no saddle work. 
By way of preventing these swellings, the saddle may have a thick piece of 
felt stitched to the pannel on each side. When a “warble” is neglected, it 
assumes a chronic unhealthy appearance, and is termed a sitfast. This 
unhealthy condition should be treated by poultices, until the scab be 
removed, when the antiseptic ointment should be applied twice daily. 
+A good application in the first instance for sore shoulders, is a ‘lotion 
composed of glycerine one ounce, solution of acetate > of lead one ounce, 
faethe aes Spirit one ounce, and of water r eight | ounces. 
care) 
BROKEN KNEES. 
WE may now turn to the consideration of broken knees, unfortunately a very 
common form of injury. Our readers will remember that we said, in 
speaking of the horse’s knee, that it corresponded with the human wrist, 
and is formed by seven small bones, arranged in two rows. The upper row 
has three bones with an additional one at the back, while the lower one has 
three independent solid osseous components. A very important tendon 
passes over the front of the knee, and when called into action, extends the 
joint, which is, properly ‘speaking, composed of three joints. Between the 
‘tendon and the knee there are two so-called bursze, or pockets containing 
lubricatins oil. Broken knees, under which term we include slight as well 
as grave injuries to the knee, caused by a fall, or otherwise, very 
commonly leave, after healing, some evidence of their previous existence. 
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