TROPICAL AQUARIUM FISHES 97 
The general rule with Haplochilus and Rivulus is to keep sexes 
separated and then put the pairs together for three or four days in warm, 
sunny aquaria with dense plant growth, such as Riccia, the ‘small, light 
green Utricularia, Anacharis, bushy Thread-Alge or Willow Moss 
(Fontinalis). Then remove parent fish, keep separate again ten days 
and repeat—each time using a separate aquarium and plants for receiv- 
ing spawn. Eggs take about ten days to hatch at summer temperature 
with Rivulus and Haplochilus and individual young fish must be fished 
out with a teaspoon and kept in the same aquarium water at same temper- 
ature at which they hatch and fed first with Infusoria and later with small 
Cyclops and Daphnia. 
BI GROUP 
LIVE-BEARING TOOTH-CARPS. All the fishes belonging to this 
class are natives of America—the Southern States of the United States, 
Central America and South America (Northern). They are generally 
easy to keep and breed in the aquarium, require mostly uniform summer 
temperature and clean water, and if well fed and kept in well-planted, spa- 
cious aquaria, reward their keeper abundantly with frequent large families. 
When the females are seen to be “heavy” with young (indicated by a 
dark patch in the abdomen and great fulness of that part) and when they 
act restlessly, seeking to avoid their mates and getting into the thickest 
vegetation in the aquarium, then these females may be considered as 
about to give birth to their young. They must then be placed preferably 
in large straight-sided glass bell jars (8 inch), in about 3 inches of water, 
with thick floating vegetation occupying at least 2/3 of the jar and that 
placed toward the light in a sunny place and covered over with a piece of 
glass or a plate. When the young are born, they instinctively seek shelter 
from their cannibalistic parent and swim toward the light. If the vegeta- 
tion is toward the light, most of the young ones will be safe from the 
mother until discovered, when the mother fish can be returned to the 
aquarium, most of the plants removed from the jar and the young fed on 
powdered fishfood. The breeding jars shown on page 230 do away with 
the necessity for plants or other shelter for the young. 
B10 GROUP 
MISCELLANEOUS FISHES. Some species do not come under 
these classifications and are unknown in respect to their breeding habits. 
Bll GROUP 
MOUTHBREEDERS. The fish should be provided with a mod- 
erate sized aquarium with about two inches of clean sand in the bottom. 
The fish prepare a shallow nest in the sand, where the eggs are first 
