shaped, oval, 



viii INTRODUCTION TO BRITISH BOTANY 



A leaf through which a stalk passes is termed perfoliate (from per, 

 through, and folium, a leaf), as in Hare's-ear, p. 122. 



Two leaves united by their Imses, and allowmg the stem to pass 

 through them, are termed connate (from con, together, and nascor, 

 to grow), as in Chlora, Plate 59. ^ -ni 4- 



The margin of the leaf is cither entire, as m Soapwort, Plate 10 ; 

 crenate, as in Marsh Pennywort, Plate 34 ; serrate (saw-edged), as 

 in Rose, Plate 29 ; toothed, as in Enchanter's Nightshade, Plate 30 ; 

 or fringed, as in' Rock-rose, Plate 8. 



With respect to form, the varieties of leaves are very numerous, 

 and the terms employed to define them not less so. Those which 

 occur in this volume are : — 



Hair-like, or capillary, as in Fennel, p. 124. 



Linear, as in the Grasses and Pink, p. 39. 



Strap-shaped, as in Corrigiola, p. 103. 



Oblong, as in Rock-rose, Plate 8. 



Elliptical, oval, with both ends alike, as in the leaflets of Rose, 



Plate 2q. 



with the base broader than the extremity, as 



in Pear, p. go. 



Inveraely egg-shaped, oval, with the base 

 narrower than the extremity, as in Brook weed, 

 p. 239. 



Rounded, as in Pyrola, p. 186. 



Heart-shaped, as in Violet, Plate 9. 



Inverselv heart-shaped, as in the leaflets of 

 Medick, p. 67. 



Kidney-shaped, as in Ground Ivy, Plate 71. 



Arrow-shaped, as in Tower Mustard, p. 25. 



Halberi-shaped, arrow-shaped, but with the 

 barbs turned outwards. 



Angular, as in Danish Scurvy-Grass. 



Sword-shaped, as in Iris, Plate 68. 



Stipules. — The base of the leaf-stalk is not unfrcqucntly fur- 

 nished with two sheathins; wings ; these are called 

 stipules. The leaf of the Rose has oblong stipules at 

 its base. 



Bracts. — Beneath the flower are frequently situ- 

 ated small leaves called bracts. Sometimes they are 

 mere scales, as in the Broom-rape, Plate 67 ; but 

 more frequently they are only to be distinguished 

 from true leaves by their smaller size, as in Evening Primrose, 

 p. 94. 



In the Umbelliferous Tribe, p. iii, they often grow, several in a 

 whorl, at the base of the general and partial umbels ; and in Com- 

 pound Flowers, p. 146, they are yet more numerous a( the base 



DANISH SCURVY GRASS 



