141 



VALERIAN TRIBE 



10. G. income (Corn Bedstraw).— Not un- 

 like the last, but smaller ; the stems are about 

 a foot long and rough, as well as the leaves, 

 with reflexed prickles ; the flowers grow in 

 ones, twos, or threes, and the p'liit is reflexed 

 and granulated, not prickly. A cornfield 

 weed ; not uncommon in England. — Fl. June 

 to October. Annual. 



3. AsPERULA {Woodruff) 



1. A. odurtilii (Sweet Woodruff). — Root- 

 stocks creeping ; stems 6-12 inches high, erect ; 

 leaves usually 8 in a whorl, slightly rough at 

 their margins, with forward pointing prickles ; 

 flowers in stalked, terminal panicles ; fruit 

 rough with prickles. A deservedly popular 

 plant, on account of its fresh green foliage and 

 pretty snow-white flowers, and also for its 

 agreeable perfume when dry, which resembles 

 new-mown hay. 



2. A. Cynanchica (Squinancy- wort). — Leaves 4 in a whorl, 

 linear, uppermost very unequal. A small plant 

 with very narrow leaves, and tufts of lilac or 

 whitish flowers. It derives its English name from 

 having been formerly used as a remedy for the 

 squinancy, or quinsy. Dry pastures, especially on 

 calcarious soil ; local. — Fl. June, July. Pereiuiial. 



4. Sherardia {Field Madder) 



I. S. arvensis (Field Madder). — A small plant, 

 with branched, spreading stems, narrow, pointed 

 leaves, in whorls of about 6 each, and minute lilac 

 flowers, which form a small umbel in the terminal 

 whorl of leaves. Abundant in cultivated land. — 

 Fl. June to August. Annual. 



AbPERLTLA OdOKATA 



{Sweet Woodruff) 



Sherardia 



Arvensis 

 {Field Madder) 



Natur.al Order XLIT 



VALERIANACE^.— The Valerian Tribe 



Calyx superior, finally becoming a border, or pappus, to the fruit ; 

 in the British genera the corolla is irregular, 5-lobed, pouched or 

 .spurred at the base ; stamens 1-5, inserted into the tube of the 

 corolla ; ovary with I -3 cells ; fruit dry, crowned with the calyx, 



