COMPOUND FLOWERS 149 



tine soup." Chamomile and Fever-few possess valuable medicinal 

 properties, especially the former. Coltsfoot and Elecampane are 

 useful in pectoral complaints ; the flowers of Marigold are used to 

 adulterate saffron ; the Ox-eye daisy is said to be destructive to 

 fleas ; the yellow Ox-eye affords a yellow dye, and the petals of 

 the Dahlia a beautiful carmine. 



I. Chicorace^. — Chicory Group 

 All the florets strap-shaped, having stamens and pistils 



II. Cynarocephal^. — Thistle Group 

 All the florets iuhilar, 5-cle/t, having stamens and pistils (except in 

 Centaurea, in which the outer florets are larger, and destitute 

 of stamens and pislils), and forming a convex head ; style jointed 

 below the stigma 



III, TuBiFLORJJ. — Tansy Group 



All the florets tubular, ^-cleft, having stamens and pistils, and forming 

 a flat head ; style not jointed below the stigma 



IV. Radiatjj. — Daisy Group 



Central florets tubular, ^-cleft, having stamens and pistils ; outer florets 

 strap-shaped, forming a ray, and furnished with pistils only 

 {Senecio vulgaris, Common Groundsel, has no 1 ays) 



I. CHicoRACEiE. — Chicory Group 



1. Tragopogon (Goat's beard), — Involucre simple, of 8-10 long 

 scales, united below ; receptacle dotted ; fruit with longitudinal 

 ridges, tapering into a long beak ; pappus feathery, with the down 

 interwoven. (Name from the Greek, tragos, a goat, and pogon, a 

 beard.) 



2. Helminthia (Ox-tongue). — Involucre of about 8 equal scales, 

 surrounded by 3-5 leaf-like, loose bracts ; receptacle dotted ; fruit 

 rough, with transverse wrinkles, rounded at the end and beaked ; 

 pappus feathery. (Name from the Greek, helmins, helminthos, a 

 worm, from the form of the fruit.) 



3. PiCRis, — Involucre of I row of equal upright scales, with 

 several small spreading ones at the base ; receptacle lightly dotted ; 

 fruit rough, with transverse ridges, not beaked ; pappus of 2 rows, 

 the inner only feathery. (Name from the Greek, picros, bitter.) 



4. Apargia (Hawk-bit). — Involucre unequally imbricated, with 

 the outer scales smaller, black, and hairy, in several rows ; recep- 

 tacle slightly dotted ; fruit tapering to a point ; pappus of i row, 

 feathery. (Name of uncertain origin.) 



