38 Domestic ANIMALS. 
“Whoever would be convinced of the benefit of friction to 
the horse’s skin and to the horse generally, needs only to ob- 
serve the effects produced by well hand-rubbing the legs of a 
tired horse. While every enlargement subsides, and the pain- 
ful stiffness disappears, and the legs attain their natural warmth 
and become fine, the animal is evidently and rapidly reviving; 
he attacks his food with appetite, and then quietly lies down 
to rest.” 
4, Ezxercise.—Of this the farm horse generally has enough. 
His work is tolerably regular, not exhausting, and he generally 
maintains his health and has his life prolonged to an extent 
rare among horses of “leisure.” But a gentleman’s or a trades- 
man’s horse suffers a great deal more from idleness than he 
does from work. A stable-fed horse should have two hours’ 
exercise every day, if he is to be kept free from disease. Noth- 
ing of extraordinary, or even of ordinary, labor can be effected 
on the road or in the field without sufficient and regular exercise, 
It is this alone which can give energy to the system or devel- 
ope the powers of any animal. The animal that, with the 
usual stable feeding, stands idle for three or four days, as is the 
case in many establishments, must suffer. He is predisposed to 
fever, or to grease, or, most of all, to diseases of the foot; and 
if, after three or four days of inactivity he is ridden far and 
fast he is almost sure to have inflammation of the lungs or of 
the feet. 
VIII —VICES AND BAD HABITS. 
The vices and bad habits of the horse, like those of his mas- 
ter, are oftener than otherwise the consequence of a faulty ed- 
ucation. We are convinced that innately vicious horses are 
comparatively few. Wecondense from Youatt the following 
hints on this subject. 
1. Restivencss—At the head of all the vices of the horse is 
restiveness, the most annoying and the most dangerous of all, 
It is the produce of bad temper and worse education; and, 
like all other habits founded on nature and stamped by edn- 
cation, it is inveterate. Whether it appears in the form of 
