56 Domestic ANIMALS. 
the Middle Horns and the Long Horns. The Middle Horns are 
the original breed. ‘They are,” Mr. Youatt says, ‘“‘ small, 
light, active, and wild; the head commonly small; the horns 
short but fine, rather upright, and frequently, after projecting 
forward, turning backward; somewhat deficient in hind-quar- 
ters; high-boned, and wide over the hips, yet the bone not 
commonly heavy ; the hair coarse and long, black or brindled, 
with white faces. Some are finer in the bone and in the neck, 
with a good eye and sharp muzzle, and great activity; are 
hardy, live upon very scanty fare, and fatten with great rapidity 
when removed to a better soil; they are good milkers. The 
Kerry cows are excellent in this respect. These last, however, 
are wild and remarkable leapers. They live, however, upon 
very little food, and have often been denominated, like those of 
Pembroke, the poor man’s cow.” 
The other breed is of a larger size. It has much of the blood 
of the Lancashire or Craven breed, or true Long Horn. Their 
horns first turn outward, then curve and turn inward. Of 
each of these kinds, an immense number of both lean and fat 
stock are annually exported to England. 
7. The Long Horns.—The Long Horns of England came 
originally from Craven, in Yorkshire, and derived their name 
from the length of their horns. 
‘The improved breed of Leicestershire is said to have been 
formed by Webster, of Cauley, near Coventry, in Warwick- 
shire. Bakewell, of Dishley, in Leicestershire, afterward got 
the lead as a breeder, by selecting from the Cauley stock; and 
the stocks of several other eminent breeders have been traced 
to the same source. 
“The Lancashire breed of long-horned cattle may be distin- 
guished from other cattle by the thickness and firm texture of 
their hides, the length and closeness of their hair, the large 
size of their hoofs, and their coarse, leathery, thick necks. 
They are likewise deeper in their fore-quarters, and lighter in 
their hind-quarters than most other breeds; narrower in their 
shape, less in point of weight than the Short Horns, though 
