CALCULI— CALLoairrss. S7 



nncommon. In the former cases nothing short of an operation can 

 possibly effect a cure ; but when one takes into consideration the 

 necessity of keeping a patient in one position after the operation, it 

 will be patent to most, that in canine practice, the removal of the 

 stone is seldom, if ever, attended with success. I have seen a few 

 attempts at the operation, but all, without exception, have been 

 dira failures. 



Small caJculi will frequently pass from the bladder into the 

 nrinary passage (urethra), and if small enough, out of the body 

 through the penis ; but often these stones will become fixed in the 

 urethra and the animal is unable to pass its water. The bladder 

 becomes distended, and if not relieved, rupture of the organ results. 

 When one finds a dog cannot pass its water, a catheter should be 

 procured, a little olive oil or vaseline rubbed upon it, and the 

 instrument inserted at the tip of the penis. Of course the animal 

 must be placed upon its back. Insert the catheter very gently, and 

 gradually pass it into the bladder. If there is a small calculus in 

 the urethra the passage of the catheter will be obstructed, and when 

 this is so, no extreme force must be used, or a very extensive injury 

 may result. A little gentle and prolonged pressure may return the 

 atone into the bladder, and so allow the urine to pass. If the stone 

 cannot be returned in this attempt, inject into the passage of the 

 penis a little olive or salad oU, and repeat the operation with the 

 catheter. 



Calculi sometimes exist in the kidneys and may pass into the 

 bladder, thence through the urinary passage, and so out of the 

 body ; but at other times they become too large to leave the organ 

 and cause intense pain and subsequent death. The symptoms are 

 first, stiffness across the loins accompanied by pain when an 

 attempt is made to move ; the urine is passed in small quantities, 

 and is frequently, indeed often, tinged with blood. In these cases it 

 is a matter of relieving the pain, with the hope that the stone is 

 small enough to gain an exit Ijy the penis. To relieve the pain give 

 5 to 30 drops of tincture of opium about every four hours, and apply 

 hot flannels to the loins. A dose of oil to relieve the bowels is bene- 

 ficial, as any straining in passing the faeces would increase the pain. 

 It is well to leave these cases to the veterinary surgeon. 



CALLOSITIES. — Places bare of hair from nibbing or chafing, 

 lying on bare boards, etc., are often seen on the haunches of large, 

 smooth-coated dogs ; while the skin is thickened (indurated), and 

 almost homy. Continued applications of glycerine, vaseline, or 

 boracic acid ointment night and morning will soften and tend to 

 remove these lumps, which, although an eyesore, do no hana 



