4 DISEASES OT DOOS. 



ood-liyer oil, syrup of phosphates, Fowler's solution of arsenic, etc., 

 Emd mtmy powders, such as areca-nut, kamala, santonin, etc. Where 

 powders are refused in the food, they should he mixed with a little 

 butter, lard, honey, or syrup, and placed well back on the tongue. 

 To do this, force tlie mouth open by pressing the lips against the 

 teeth and gums, and the medicone can then be placed on the tongue 

 by an assistant. In the case of large, powerful, and restive dogs 

 the mouth can be held open by means of a towel twisted round the 

 upper jaw. With small dogs place the animal in such a position 

 in a comer that it cannot back ; neyer hold it between the knees, 

 which is so often done, for this is to court sickness or injury. As 

 soon as the medicine is placed on the tongue the dog's mouth should 

 be closed and held shut till he is seen to swallow, but the month 

 must not be held so as to interfere with his breathing through his 

 nostrils. In giving a pill or bolus the same method should be 

 adopted. Of late years, however, the difficulties attending the 

 administration of certain nauseous medicines to dogs have been 

 largely overcome by the introduction of Messrs. Freeman, of Bir- 

 mingham. This firm has hit upon the happy idea of capsuling the 

 medicines, and their innovation cannot be too widely known, 

 especially by those owners living at a distance from a veterinary or 

 other person accustomed to administer a drug. 



In administering liquid medicines which the dog will not take 

 voluntarily, it is necessary to drench him. To do so, the ordinaiy 

 plans are to use a spoon, or recourse is had to an earthenware or 

 strong glass bottle, such as a ginger-beer or a soda-water bottle. 

 With the spoon the medicine is generally spilt, and the use of the 

 bottle is fraught with great danger, and that from two sources : 

 first, the medicine is delivered from the bottle too fast, and la a 

 manner that makes it impossible for the dog to swallow, and choking 

 is the result ; secondly, there is very great danger of the bottle being 

 shivered to pieces between the dog's jaws, lacerating the month, 

 throat, etc., and causing serious and dangerous wounds. 



A much better way of giving liquid medicines is to gently raise 

 the animal's head, place the fingers in the angle of the lips, and 

 draw them outwards, forming a sort of funnel. 



Here it will be well to warn- the over-zealous owner against 

 the common but reprehensible practice of separating the teeth. By 

 so doing there is considerable risk of the dog being chokedl 

 Equally objectionable and almost as common is the habit of pitching 

 the animal's throat with a view to facilitating the administration of 

 the medicine. 



The dog's stomach being very sensitive, many medicines are at 

 iwca rejected, and to prevent this it is sometimes necessary to tie 



