WORMS. 133 



knowledge on the subject has gone on and goes on at an erer ac- 

 celerated pace. Even in such a by-corner of knowledge as the 

 parasites of our dogs, progress has begot progress, revelation revela- 

 tion, till this little bit of ground teems with marvellous Ufe-his- 

 turies of the infinitely small, and soon we may hope to be as familiar 

 with eiery creature that lives in or upon the dog as we are with the 

 dog himself. But even in dealing with worms in dogs ignorance 

 will have its way, and sticks pertinaciously to old notions and 

 empiric treatment. 



The worms that infest the dog are exceedingly numerous in their 

 varieties; but many fortunately ore rare,' and most of those we are 

 best acquainted with are to a considerable extent under our control. 

 This country has not hitherto been prolific in investigations in this 

 subject, and most of our knowledge comes from abroad. Now, how- 

 ever, at our veterinary colleges and elsewhere are many students 

 pushing forward from the vantage ground prepared by their pre- 

 decessors. To the late Dr. Spencer Cobbold we are indebted for 

 much in actual research, and perhaps even more for the impetus he 

 gave to the study of this subject. To Mr. George Fleming, so well 

 known as a veterinary scientist and by his valuable works, dog- 

 owners and others are not a little indebted, more especially for 

 publishing a translation of the great work on "Parasites and 

 Parasitic Diseases oi Domesticated Animals," by L. G. Neumann, 

 Professor at the National Veterinary School of Toulouse. This 

 work will prove a boon to students and to non-professional men 

 who are interested in an intelligent understanding of dogs and 

 all that concerns them. I most strongly recommend its study to 

 everyone interested in domestic stock. 



The worms that most concern the dog-ownor are the Tapeworms 

 and the Round-worms. Of these there aie many species, but I will 

 only dwell on those most commonly met with in English dogs. 



Tapeworms. — These are, as the name radicates, the flat worms 

 which are often seen evacuated with the faeces in small sections of 

 half an inch or less, when they are usually called "maw-worms"; 

 or at times chaias of them may be seen hanging from the anus, when 

 being expelled naturally or under the action of medicine. 



No less than a dozen tapeworms select the dog as their host. 

 They have a remarkable Ufe-history, and it is as well for the dog- 

 owner to know something as to this, as he is often puzzled to think 

 how this or that dog became infested. 



It will therefore be well to see how an adult tapeworm is made 

 up. If examined, it will be found to consist of a head, or scolex, 

 and a series of segments, scientifically known as metameres. These 

 latter are constantly being budded off from the head, and assume 



