138 DISEASES OF DOOS. 



X&onnd-Worms. — Several species of Round-worm infest the 

 dog, and puppies are very much troubled vtith them. They may be 

 found in puppies of even two or three weeks old, though those of two 

 cr three months are usually the greatest suflerers. These live in the 

 small intestines, and are sometimes ooUed together so as to obstruct 

 the passage ; at other times some of them crawl into the stomach 

 and may be vomited. The common species of Bound-worm i» 

 Asearii marginata; it requires no intermediate host, as the tape- 

 worms do, but ia directly developed. Puppies probably get infested 

 by the young of those worms voided by the dam. In fact, on this 

 hypothesis I have for a long time practised giving the pregnant bitcb 

 vermifuges. I believe such a course has prevented many puppies from 

 becoming infested with worms. 



Another Round-worm of the dog is Undnaria trigonoeephala, 

 which inhabits the intestines, and produces a grave form of ancemia 

 with wasting of flesh, great debility, and frequent bleeding at the 

 nose. There is another smaller worm resembling this, and often 

 found associated with it in the same dog. 



Worms cause great disturbance to the system, producing diseases 

 of the stomach, Uver, kidneys, weakness and poverty of blood, 

 what kennel-men call untbriftiness in pups, and an irritable state of 

 the akin often mistaken for zaauge. It ia tliereforo very important 

 to adopt all possible measurus to prevent the propagation of these 

 parasites, as well as to free the dog from them when they exist. 



The following list includes most of the anthelmintics or vermifuges 

 wtdch destroy or expel worms with which I am acquainted : powdered 

 glass, granulated tin, horsehair cut fine, oowhage, or cow-itch. These 

 act mechanically, and none of them are very reliabla. Cowhage in 

 the best of them ; it should be given in doses of half a teaspoonful 

 for a dog 201b. weight, mixed with treacle into a stiff paste, and the 

 dose repeated every fourth or fifth morning till three dosea have 

 been given. Besides tin in mineral substances, arseuiiS and mercury, 

 in the form of calomel, are resorted to for the destruction of worms, 

 uid often end in the destruction of the dog. Snch very dangerous 

 agents are best left alone. Common salt, too, oomes into the 

 mineral class, but as it acts poworfully as an emetic, the only way 

 it is likely to reach the worms is when administered as &n enema, 

 and in this case care must ht taken not to rise the solution too 

 strong ; a teaspoonful of salt to three pints of water is ample. The 

 nnleamed are specially given to reason that if a weak dose does 

 jl^od a strong one will do more ; but such is not the case, and 

 {j^ave results often follow such a practice. 



The Vegetable World furnishes a numerous list of vermifuges, of 

 which I may enumerate the following, each having its advocates : 



