WORMS. 139 



wormwood, garlic, oowhage (the stiff brown hair that covers the 

 podfl of the climbing plant Mueuna prwriens), Barbados tar, Venice 

 turpentine, spirit of turpentine, Kousso, Indian pink. Stinking 

 Hellebore, santouine (the active principle of worm-seed, Artemisia 

 species), areca-nut, also called betel-nut, savin, tobacco, pomegranate 

 bark, Male Fern, and kamala. Of these, wormwood, garlic, oow- 

 hage, pomegranate bark, and tar, are but little to be depended on. 

 The dose of pomegranate is 20gr. to 30gr. of the bark, finely 

 powdered, and it may be tried if other remedies have failed. 



Kousso, or Cusso (Brayera anthelmintica), the flowera of a tree 

 growing in Abyssinia, and said to have been used by the natives for 

 some centuries as an anthelmintic, has been much extolled for tape- 

 worms ; it is given as an infusion, Joz. infused in \ pint of boiling 

 water, allowed to stand tiU cold, and then strained, forming a dose 

 for a large dog. It ifl, however, uncertain in its action, and not 

 very safe. The same remarks apply, but with greater force, to 

 Indian pink, a United States plant {Spigelia marilandica). Stinking 

 Hellebore (Helleboria foetidus), also called Bear's-foot, tobacco, and 

 savin {Jumperui Sahina). AU of these should be discarded as very 

 unsafe in the hands of those unaccustomed to deal with medicines. 



There remain of our list turpentine and Venice turpentine. The 

 first is a good vermifuge, but apt to inflame the kidneys. To prevent 

 this an emulsion should be formed by mixing it with the yolk of egg 

 and olive oil ; the dose for a 201b. dog is half a teaspoonful. Venice 

 turpentine is a milder remedy and it may be given in doses of Jdr., 

 Doade into pills with flour or with areca-nut powder. Santonine Ls an 

 excellent remedy, and has the advantage of being easily given, tha 

 dose for dogs being from Igr. to 5gr.. 



Areca-nut is, perhaps, the most generally useful worm medicine 

 we have. The best plan is to buy the nut and grate it freshly aa 

 required. In purchasing see that the nuts are sound. If you find 

 one light and worm-eaten reject it. It may be given mixed with 

 fat or honey or treacle, and placed well back on the tongue ; but if 

 freshly mixed with a little savoury broth the dog will generally take 

 !t readily. It should not be allowed to stand long in the broth. 

 The dose is Igr. for every pound weight of the full grown dog, but 

 no dog will require more than 2dr. 



Oil of Male Fern, or, as it ia now called, ethereal extract of Male 

 Fern, ia a very effective remedy in tapeworm. It is obtained from 

 the roots of Lastrea Filix-mas (Male Shield Fern), and is the most 

 convenient form for administering the drug. The powder of the 

 root has been used aa an anthelmintic from a very remote period. 

 The oil or extract is very irritating, and frequently produces vomit- 

 ing. To guard against that, it is advisable, after giving the dose. 



