V PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS 345 



directed on p. J36. Examine a section with the low power, and 

 note : — 



1. a, The thin cuticle; b. the epiderm, enclosing goblet-cells (unicel- 

 lular glands) ; c. the very thin derm ; d. the seta;, with their sacs and 

 muscles, if your section passes through one or more of them. 



2. 1\vt 7nuscles of thepody-iuall. a. The external cimdar /ayer ; and 

 d. the thicker longiliidinal layer, appearing feather-like in transverse 

 section, and broken up into bands at the lines of the dorsal pores and 

 setae. Note that the muscles are unstriped. 



3. The calome &nA peritoneal membrane. 



4. The intestine, with its thick dorsal typhlosoie. It is lined by a 

 single layer of columnar cells (enteric epithelium), outside which is a 

 thin muscular and connective tissue layer. Externally to this, again, 

 are the elongated and granular yellow cells, which are especially 

 abundant in the typhlosoie. 



5. The dorsal, ventral, and intestinal blood-vessels. 



6. The ventral nerve-cord, just internal to the longitudinal muscular 

 layer. It is enclosed in a muscular and connective-tissue sheath, im- 

 bedded in which the suh-ncicral and lateral neural vessels can be seen. 

 Along the dorsal side are three clear-looking " giant fibres." Observe 

 the nerve-cells along the cord ventrally and laterally, the nerves coming 

 off from the cord, and the symmetrical halves of which the cord is 

 composed. 



7. The nephridia : — these will be seen cut through in various 

 planes. 



The thin septa will be cut through in different directions, and their 

 relations are therefore not easily seen in sections ; note the circular and 

 radial muscular fibres in the septa. .Sketch the lateral half of your 

 section, and then put on the high power and work through §§1-7 again. 

 Sketch as many details as possible. 



(If time permits, prepare and examine a series of transverse sections 

 through the genital region, and observe any important points not 

 already made out in your dissection. Note especially the spertnaries 

 and spermiditcts). 



