410 THE LANCELET CHAP 



PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS. 



AMl'HIOXUS. 



A- External Characters. 



Examine an entire specimen and note : — I, the form of the body ; 

 2, the continuous median fins — dorsal, caudal, and ventral ; 3, the 

 paired lateral fin or rnelapleure, extending along the body anterior 

 to the ventral fin ; 4, the oral hood, anterior and ventral, with its 

 iirrl ; 5, the anus, a short distance from the j^osterior end, just on 

 the left side of the caudal fin ; 6, the median and ventral atriopore, 

 at the junction of the lateral and ventral fins ; 7, the myomeres. 



B. Anatomy. 



I. Place a young specimen for a short time in absolute alcohol, and 

 then transfer to oil of cloves. If the specimen is a very small one, 

 it may with advantage be slightly stained first. Then transfer to a 

 hollriw slide or, if you use an ordinary slide, support the cover-glass 

 on two small pieces of wood of the thickness of the specimen, and 

 mount. The preparation may be examined in oil of cloves, but it is 

 better to make a permanent preparation and replace the cloves by thick 

 balsam. Examine, and note in addition to the above points : — 



1. The notochord, extending from the anterior to the posterior end 01 

 the body, rather nearer the dorsal than the ventral side. 



2. The neural eanal enclosing the spinal cord, lying just above the 

 notochord, and having pigment in its walls. 



3. The oral skeleton, consisting of a segmented basal bar along the 

 sides of the oral hood, wdth a rod passing down each cirrus. 



4. The longitudinal series of connecti\'e tissue compartments, which 

 are filled with gelatinous substance, forming the fin-rays. 



5. The elastic, horny rods supporting the i^ill-bars, and the arrange- 

 ment of the gill-slits in pairs: — the primary gill-bars separating the 

 successive pairs, the rods supporting them being forked ventrally ; and 

 the secondary gill-bars between the members of a pair, the rods of these 

 being unsplit ventrally. Note also the horizontal bars connecting the 

 primary and secondary gill-bars and making the walls of the pharynx 

 appear like a meshwork. 



6. The cavity of the oral hood, bounded by lateral folds, the 

 muscular velum between it and the pharynx, and the minute mouth. 



7. The intestine, running straight from the hinder end of the pharynx 



