CHAP. X VEINS 509 



a.epg\ anterior epigastric arterj' ; a./, anterior facial vein ; a, in, anterior mesen- 

 teric artery ; a.pli. anterior phrenic vein ; az. v. a/yii:os \ein ; br. riglit 

 brachial artery; c.il.a. common iliac artery; t\ z7. 7'. hinder end of post- 

 caval; cce. coeliac artery; (/. «^. dorsal aorta; e,c. external carotid artery; 

 e. il. a. external iliac artery ; (-. il. 7'. external iliac vein ; e.jii. external jngular 

 vein ;_ f/n. a. femoral artery ;_/;«. 7'. femoral vein ; /r. 7'. hepatic veins ; i. c. internal 

 carotid artery ; i. cs. intercostal vessels ; i.Jti. internal jugular vein ; 7. /, ilio- 

 lumbar artery and vein ; iji. innominate artery ; /. aji. left auricle ; /. c. c. left 

 common carotid artery ; /. py. c. left precaval vein ; /, 7'. left ventricle ; 7//. sc. 

 caudal artery ; /, a. pulmonary artery ; /. c'p^. posterion epigastric artery and 

 vein ; p.y, posterior facial vein ; p. iti. posterior mesenteric artery ; /. pJi. 

 posterior phrenic veins ; ptc. postcaval \'ein ; /. 7'. pulmonary vein ; r. renal 

 artery and vein; r.ait. right auricle; r.c.c. right common carotid arter> ; 

 7\ pre. right precaval \ein ; r. -,'. right \entricle ; scL a. right subclavian artery ; 

 xc/. 7'. right sttbclavian vein ; .7/7/7. spermatic artery and vein ; ,7. 7'.7. vesicil 

 artery and vein; nf. uterine artery and vein; vr. vertebral artery. (From 

 Parker's Zootomy,) 



arteries are also given off from the aorta to the walls of the 

 abdomen. 



The pulmonary artery (f.a) divides soon after its origin 

 from the right ventricle into two branches, one supply- 

 ing each lung. Just before its bifurcation it is connected 

 by a short cord, known as the ductus arteriosus, with the 

 aorta : this is the solid vestige of the embryonic connection 

 between the fourth arterial arch and the aorta (compare p. 

 436, and Fig. iii). 



Each precaval (/. pr. c, r. pr. c) receives — a sul- 

 clavian [s. cl. v) from the fore-limb ; an external jugular 

 (e. jii) from the head, running along the neck just 

 beneath the skin ; a small anterior epigastric from the 

 ventral thoracic wall, as well as small vessels from some 

 of the anterior intercostal spaces (/'. cs) and the anterior 

 surface of the diaphragm {a. pli) ; and a small i7tternal 

 jugular (/'. ju) from the brain, opening into the cor- 

 responding external jugular nearly opposite the sub- 

 clavian. Knazygosvein {az. v), representing part of the right 

 cardinal of the embryo (compare p. 440) and receiving blood 

 from the posterior intercostal spaces, also opens out the 

 base of the right precaval. 



There is no renal portal system, as in the dogfish and frog 



