FOODS AND DRUGS AND THEIR ADULTERANTS. 77 
gated into masses, while their size is very small, averaging 
about .coz3 mm. Besides these starch masses at least 
two characteristics kinds of cells from the hull may 
appear in black pepper. The outermost layer furnishes 
dark-brown fragments made up of the stone-cells so 
called, polygonal, thick-walled cells with a small dark 
lumen and striations radiating out from it (a, Fig. 31). 
Fic. 31.—Microscopic STRUCTURE OF PEPPER. (After Schimper.) 
240 diameters. 
The cells of the inner part of the hull occur in lighter, 
yellowish-brown masses, and have a somewhat similar 
structure except that their lumen is much larger and 
their walls thinner (b, Fig. 31.) Smaller fragments of 
parenchyma tissue may be seen, with irregular,’ thin- 
walled cells and occasional large spaces where deposits 
of oil were present in the fruit (c, Fig. 31). 
White pepper made up simply of the central part of 
the seed contains practically nothing but the irregular, 
silvery masses of pepper-starch with occasional small 
fragments of the outer tissues. 
