CONNARAOCEZ. 13 
and the woody consistency of the stem. Other characters again are 
both very valuable and nearly constant—namely, the pinnate leaves, 
the orthotropous or nearly orthotropous ovules, the seeds possessing 
an aril of variable thickness and localized or generalized. In the 
third place come two characters, each present in about half the 
Order and absent in the rest—a valvate calyx and an albuminous 
seed. To these, however, an unequal value has been assigned, as we 
shall now see. 
The character of the prefloration of the calyx has been held of 
sufficient importance to serve to divide all the known Connaracee 
into two tribes or series: the one, Conuaree, in which the sepals are 
imbricated in the bud, the other, Cuestidee, in which they are valvate. 
If this clear demarcation came out in accordance with the facts, 
this division of course would be most convenient in practice; and we 
have retained it for its convenience. But we cannot regard it 
as being also absolutely natural. This position may be illustrated 
by the fact that Zroostwickya was placed by Benroam and Hooker 
among Cnestidee, because of its valvate calyx; now this name is 
exactly synonymous with Hemiandrina, a genus now suppressed, and 
rightly considered a mere section of Avgelea, whose calyx is usually 
imbricated, as befits the Connaree. Again, many species of Tiricho- 
lobus have altogether the flower of Omphalobium or Connarus, with the 
gyneceum finally unicarpellary ; and a large number of them have 
also the same vegetative organs; still, of these two types, so closely 
allied in all their characters, Zricholobus is referred for its valvate 
calyx to Cnestidee, and Omphalobium, for its imbricate calyx, to 
Connaree. Never was there artificial classification more con- 
venient, we must allow; but at the same time, never was there 
one that took less account of the generality of common characters. 
The character derived from the albumen is of even less import. 
True, albumen is never found in any known member of the Connaree; 
but while in half the genera of Cnestidee the seeds possess albumen, 
in the other half they lack it. 
The other characters serve only to distinguish the several genera. 
They are as follows:—1. The prolongation of the receptacle above 
the perianth into a column bearing the sexual organs: this pecu- 
liarity occurs only in Manotes. 2. The stalk to the base of each 
carpel; wanting in Rowrea, present in Connarus. The absolute 
number of elements te the gynzeceum: the specimens of Zricholobus 
