LEGUMINOS#-CHSALPINIEZ. 165 
southern Antilles and the neighbouring regions of South America. 
But it is now asserted that this substance is extracted from some 
score of species more or less automonous, in Brazil, the Guianas, 
and the States of Venezuela, San Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, 
&c. These species are as follows :—C. Beyrichti Harnn,’ bijuga W., 
Blancheti Buntu., bracteata Bentu., cordifolia Hayne, coriacea Mart.,? 
elliptica Mart., glabra Voc., guianensis Dusr.,’ hymeneifolia Mortc., 
Jussiewt Harnu, Langsdorfit Dusy.,‘ lava Harn,’ Martii Hayne, 
multijuga Mart. & Haynu, nitida Mart. & Hayne, oblongifolia Marr., 
pubifora Linvu., Sellowit Hayne, and trapezifolia Hayne. The balsam 
is extracted by incisions, which may be repeated twice or thrice a 
year on vigorous trees, and of which a single one may yield as much 
as six kilogrammes (upwards of thirteen pounds) of the oleo-resinous 
juice. The Copaiferas of tropical Africa afford a very different pro- 
duct, a true copal, if we admit that it is the Guidourtia’ of Sierra 
Leone that produces the African copal known as African Red Gum 
and Yellow Gum. It is now certain that the true resins copal and 
anime,’ due to Leguminose, are produced by species of Hymenea. 
Gurisourt,’ who has made a special study of these substances, 
now so much used for making varnishes, distinguishes between 
the hard and soft animes, the one kind eastern, exuding from 
Hymenea verrucosa’ in Madagascar and on the east coast of Africa, 
the other western, produced in South America by Hymenea Cour- 
baru,” and a fair number of other species more or less distinctly 
t. 342.—Woopv., Med. Bot., 3, t. 187.—DC., 
Prodr., ii, 508, u. 1.—H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Spec., vi. t. 659.— Mfr. & Det, Dict., ii. 414,— 
Guis., Drog. Simpl., ed. 4, iii. 482.—A. RIcH., 
Elém. @ Hist. Nat. Med., ed. 4, ii. 304.— 
Pereira, Elem, Mat. Med., ed. 5, ii, p. ii, 
364.—C. Jacquini Desr., in Mém. Mus, vii. 
376.—LinDt., Fl. Med., 278.—Rosrntu., Syn. 
Pl. Diaph., 1046 (New Spain Resin, Columbian 
Copaiva, and aceite de Canime of New Granada), 
1 In Linnea, i. 426; in Dune. Suppl. to the 
Edinb. New Disp., 45 (ex PER., loc, cit.). 
2 In Isis (1824), 589.—DC., Prodr., n. 4 
(Dialium ?). 
3 Loe. ctt., t. 13. 
4 Loe. cit., 377, t. 14. 
5 Copaiva do campo of Minas-Geraés ; Para 
Copaiva. 
5 Copaifera copallina.— C. Guibourtiana 
Bents., in Trans. Linn. Soc., xxv. 317.— 
Guibourtia eopallina Brnn., in Journ, Linn. 
Soc., i, 150. 
7 DaNIELL, in Pharm. Journ., xvi. (1857), 
867. This light-coloured copal, we are told, 
forms at most but a part of the resin exported 
from Sierra Leone (WELW., in Journ. Linn. Soc. 
ix, 298). 
8 In Rev. Scientif., xvi. (1844), 177; Drog. 
Simpl., ed. 4, iii. 423, 
9 Gmrtn., Fruct., iii. 306, t. 139, fig. 7.— 
Trachylobium verrucosum Hayne (see p, 108, 
notes 4, 6, fig. 84). 
10 L., Spec., 587.—-VaHL, Ecl. Amer., ii. 
30.—Lamx., Iil., t. 330, fig. 1—DC., Mém. 
Légum., xii. t. 26, fig. 120; Prodr., ti. 511, n. 
1—Mbx. & Det., Dict., iii. 565.—Gur., Drog. 
Simpl., ed. 4, iii. 332, fig. 334.—Linpt., £7. 
Med., 266.—ROsENTH., op. cit., 1042 (Copalier 
@ Amérique [American Copal-Tree], Simiri of 
the Galibis, Locust-Tree of the English. The 
resin is called jatahy, jatchy, jatoba in Brazil, 
and Copal d@’ Algarrobo in New Granada. It is 
used us a drug in Brazil in lung complaints, 
such as coughs and hemoptysis. The decoction 
of the inner bark is used as a vermifuge, accord- 
ing to MacrapyEn (FU. Jamaic., i. 349). 
