374 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
Lotee, Trifoliee, Genistee, and Viciee are the groups which extend 
furthest north and south, at least by some of their representatives. 
Dalbergiee, Podalyriea, and Tounateee are almost exclusively plants 
from hot climates. Sophoree, Hedysaree, Galegee, and Phaseolee 
spread far and wide through warm and temperate regions. 
The various properties of Papilionacee are so numerous, and 
the number of useful species so large, that we shall often have to 
refer the reader to special treatises’ in the case of those that are of 
minor importance and practical interest. The list of species used as 
food by man and beast would alone fill several pages. There are 
many plants used as fodder, whose nutritive properties are easily 
explained by their richness in the nitrogenized principle, legumin, 
or vegetable casein. We may mention the species and varieties of 
Lupin,’ Lucerne’ (figs. 174-179), Clover or Trefoil,* Lotus (fig. 168),° 
Vetchling,’ Vetch,’ Birdsfoot,® and Sainfoin’ (figs. 18]-183). The 
nitrogenized principle is found accompanied by a quantity of starchy 
or fatty matter, chiefly in the seeds of the divers kinds of Pea,” 
Chick-pea," Pigeon-pea,” Bean, Tare, and Vetch," Kidney-bean," 
Lentil,” Lupin,” Dolichos,” &c., in which the embryo is the essential 
1 Ewvu., Enchirid., 675.—Ducu., Rép., 256.— 
Linp1., Veg. Kingd., 547,—Gu1B., Drog. Simpl., 
ed. 6, iii. 319.— Rosentu., Syn. Plant. Diaphor., 
980. 
2 See H. By., in Dict. Encycl. des Se. Méd., 
sér. 2, iii, 191. 
3 See H. Bn., loc. cit., 358. 
4 Trifolium arvense L., repens L., incarnatum 
L., sativum L., and a score more species are 
especially used as artificial grasses. (See 
RosENTH., op. cit., 992, 993.) 
5 See H. By., in Dict. Hncyel. des Sc. Méd., 
sér. 2, iii, 114, 
6 Especially Lathyrus sativus L., pratensis 1.., 
Clymenum L., &e. (See ROSENTH., op. cit., 
1007, 1008.) 
7 Our field species are Vicia sativa L., leuco- 
sperma Mancu, hybrida L., lutea L., sylvatica 
L., Cracca L., sepium L., angustifolia Roru, 
narbonensis L., &c. 
8 Among others Ornithopus sativus. Besides 
this we may cite as fodder plants Coronilla varia 
L., and Emerus L., Biserrula (Fr., Rateau), 
Hippocrepis (Horseshoe-vetch ; Fr. Fer-d- 
cheval), Scorpiurus (Chenillon) and Securigera 
(Hachette), all so remarkable for the form of 
the fruit, (See pp. 276, 287, 304, 305, and 
RosEntH., op. cit., 1009, 1010.) 
§ By the French word Sainfoin have been 
designated the various species of Hedysarum, of 
which H. coronarium L. is most cultivated in 
France, as well as Onobrychis (Fr., Esparcette), 
especially O. sativa L, (the English Sainfoin). 
10 Pisum sativum L. (figs. 148-147), biflorwm 
RaFin., abyssinicum Braun, thebaicum W., 
arvense L. P. maritimum L., is a Lathyrus. 
U Especially Cicer sativum and arietinum L. 
(Fr., Pois-chiche, Téte-de-bélier, Garbance, &e.). 
(See above, fig. 148.) 
2 Cajanus indicus SpRENG.—C. flavus DC.— 
C. bicolor DC.—Cytisus Cajan L. 
3 Including the genera Vicia, Faba, and 
most species of Hrowm of anthors. (RosENTH., 
op. eit., 1005-1007.) 
4 Especially P. vulgaris L. and P. Mungo L., 
lunatus L., nanus L., and a dozen more edible 
species (RosENnTH., op. cit., 1018). 
© Lens esculenta Maancu.—Eroum Lens L.— 
Cicer Lens W. 
© See H. Bn., in Dict. Encycl. des Sc. Méd., 
sér. 2, iii. 191. 
'™ Including the Zablab (D, Lablab L.;— 
Lablab vulgaris Savi). 
