LEGUMINOS #-PAPILIONACEZ). 381 
copies of monuments and works of art, &c. In these soft stemmed 
plants the bark may become hard and covered with prickles like 
those of the rose, which injure mechanically both man and beast. 
The Erythrinas are used in hot countries to make impenetrable 
hedges, owing to their terrible prickles. The prickles of the heathy 
Furzes (4joncs') are well known here as in France, like those of 
many species of Robinia, Genista, Hrinacea, &c., due to the meta- 
morphosis of leaves, branches, or some other organs. In Cowhage 
(= Cow-itch? Fr., Pots pouilleux, Pois a gratter), t.e., Mucuna urens, 
pruriens,* &c., the action is also mechanical, and due to the peculiar 
hairs covering the pericarp. 
Many of the fine woods due to Dalbergiee that are used in cabinet- 
making are perfumed; such as Violet-ebony, Cowmarouna, &c. In 
this last plant‘ the scent is especially marked in the seed, used under 
the name of Tonka- or Tonquin-bean (Féve de Tonka) and containing 
coumarin. The same principle has been found in the Melilots.’ The 
smell of Balsam of Tolu is very characteristic, it is found in all the 
balsams used in medicine (especially for chest complaints) extracted 
from the various species of Zoluifera; 1.e., the dry, soft, or liquid 
balsams of Peru and Tolu, the brown balsam of Peru, white balsam 
of San Salvador, and black of Peru and San Salvador. All are 
obtained by incisions from 7. Balsamum* and other species to be 
named :—7Z. pubescens, punctata, pedicellata, peruifera, Pereira,’ &e. 
1 Ulex europaeus L., nanus SM., Gallii Pr, 
&e. (See DC., Prodr., ii. 144.—Pu., in Ann. 
Se. Nat., sér. 3, xi. 202.) 
2 DC., Prodr., ii. 405, n. 1.—Dolichos urens 
L., Spee., 1020. 
3 DC., loc. cit., n. 4.—Stizolobium pruriens 
Pzrs. The larger Pots @ gratter (lit., Scratch- 
pea) or Cowhage is IZ. wrens; the smaller is I. 
pruriens (GUIB., op. cit., 381, 383). 
4 See p. 380, note 3. 
5 Melilotus officinalis W., Enum., 790.—DC., 
Prodr., ii. 186. MM. arvensis W. serves the 
same purposes (GUIB., op. cit,, 358, fig. 661). 
§ Miuz., Dict., n, 1 (part.).—L., Mat. Med., 
201.— Myroaylon Toluifera H. B, K., Nov. Gen, 
et Spec. vi. 375.—Myrospermum toluiferum 
Riou, (A.), in Ann. Se. Nat,, sér.1, ii, 172.— 
DC., Prodr., ii. 95, n. 4. (See above, p. 225, 
figs. 197-200 ; 368, note 2.) 
7 The large number of species admitted into 
this genus appears to us to require reduction, and 
the same species may here, as in other groups of 
balsamic plants, yield different products according 
to its place of growth. Following the researches 
of many authors, especially GurBourt (op. cit,. 
470-480) and Hansury (in Pharm. Journ., sér. 
2, v. 241), we may ascribe the different balsams 
to their species as follows:— White balsam of Peru 
to Myrozylon peruiferum (Mout. & L, FIL., Suppl., 
233 ;—MUyrospermum peruiferum DC., loc, cit., 
n. 3); black balsam of Peru to M, Pereira Rox1ez, 
which should be the same species as IZ. Sonsonate 
Ki., and according to Hansury, UM. pubescens 
K.; dry or soft balsam of Tolu to WZ. toluiferum 
K. (Toluiferum balsamum L.); dry balsam of Peru 
to M. peruiferum Ruiz. ; balsam of San Salvador 
(wrongly called black or liquid balsam of Peru, 
since it does not come from Peru) to WM. Pereire 
Roytz, which really grows in San Salvador, 
There is, moreover, a white balsam of Sonsonate, 
which is obtained not by making incisions in the 
trunk, but by expressing the fruit, probably of 
M. Pereire, 
