PROTEACEZ. 399 
of variable form; the flowers form simple or compound terminal or axil- 
lary spikes or racemes, each flower being axillary to a persistent bract. 
Synaphea’ (fig. 239) may be defined as Conospermum with resupinate 
flowers? It is the fertile two-celled stamen that is anterior, while 
that which is sterile is posterior in this genus. 
This last is strongly adherent to the stigmatiferous  “yaplea dilatata. 
surface of the style which is turned towards it. 
The two lateral stamens have each one cell sterile 
and one fertile, and this last, adhering to the corre- 
sponding half-cell of the median fertile stamen is of 
course the anterior cell. The perianth is irregular, 
and the ovary also contains a descending anatropous 
ovule. Eleven species of Synaphea have been de- 
Fra. 239, 
scribed,’ Australian shrubs with a usually short Diagram. 
stem and alternate leaves. The flower-spikes may 
be axillary or terminal, simple or compound, and often on long 
peduncles. Hach flower is axillary to a sessile bract. 
The Proteacee were raised to the rank of an order by, A. L. 
bE Jussizv in 1789.‘ Only a very small number of genera allied to 
Protea were then known ; Banksia and Brabejum of Linnxus, Hn- 
bothrium of Forstsr, and Roupala of AusLeT. Another genus now 
referred to this group, Guevina, was then relegated to the Genera 
incerte sedis. ADANSON had as early as 1763 placed the genera Bra- 
bejum, Protea (Conocarpus), Leucadendron (Lepidocarpus), and Serruria, 
together’ in his family Zhymelées, close to the order where most 
botanists of the present day place them. R. Brown, in 1809, was 
the first to study this fine order seriously, and really establish it, in 
a memoir which is still famous.’ Besides the above-named genera he 
founded no less than twenty new ones: Telopea, Lomatia, Stenocarpus, 
Knightia, Grevillea, Orites, Bellendena, Dryandra, Hemichdia, Symphyo- 
nema, Agastachys, Franklandia, Leucospermum, Nivenia, Sorocephalus, 
Petrophila, Isopogon, Simsia,’ Conospermum, and Synaphea. At the same 
1. Br., in Trans. Linn, Soc, x. 48,155; Preiss. i. 527; ii. 251; in Hook. Journ. (1852), 
Prodr., 369; Suppl., 11; Gen. Ress 606, t. 7. 183.—Bents. & F. Muri. Fl. Austral., v. 359. 
—Por., Dict., Suppl., v. 270; Til, t. 914.— 4 Gen., 78, Ord. iii., Protea. 
ENDL., Glen, n, 2131,—MEIssy., Prodr., 314. 5 Fam, des Plant., ii. 284, 
2 White or blue, rarely yellowish, and usually 6 On the Proteaceae of Jussieu, in Trans. 
downy, as in Conospermum. Linn. Soc., x. (1809). 
3 LinpL., Swan Riv., 32—MEIssN., in Pl. 7 ENDLICHER named it Stiriingia. 
