PROTEACE. 405 
former alliance Proteace@ is united with Lauracee and Thymelacee. 
We have no difficulty in recognising its numerous analogies with 
certain types of both these orders, as well as with many Santalacee, 
Loranthacee, Eleagnacee, &e. But we think that it is by their most 
reduced types, characterized by separation of the sexes, uniovulate 
ovaries, and one-seeded indehiscent fruits, that the Proteacee 
come nearest these groups. Their highest types have multiovulate 
ovaries,’ many-seeded fruits dehiscing longitudinally, exalbuminous 
seeds, well-marked perigyny, with a sometimes irregular gyneceum, 
and pinnately compound leaves: by these we think that the Proteucee 
are most closely bound to the arborescent types with a single 
perianth and slightly irregular or even regular flowers, oligandrous 
or even diclinous, of the Leguminose, especially Cesalpiniee. 
The uses of this order’? are not numerous. The arborescent 
species furnish good wood for fuel and building purposes. This is 
the case with the species of Protea’ at the Cape; several species of 
Andripetalum,’ Roupala,’ and Adenostephanus,’ in Brazil and Guiana; 
certain of Embothrium’ and Lomatia® in Chili; and some of Steno- 
carpus in Australia. To this last country belong the enormous 
trees Darlingia spectatissima and Cardwellia sublimis.° The bark of 
Protea grandiflora is considered a good diarrhoea remedy at the Cape.” 
The flowers and fruits of several members of this order furnish 
food. The former sometimes secrete a saccharine matter in great 
abundance ; and the Australian natives used formerly to sustain a 
wretched existence on this sort of honey collected from Banksias.” 
At the Cape the Proteas, especially P. mellifera and speciosa, drop 
from their inflorescence a similar honey, prized as a food and a 
1Jn our gardens certain Proteacee may ab- 
normally become pluricarpellary; this we have 
observed in Lambertia formosa (see Adansonia, 
ii. 292). 
2Enpu., Enchirid., 217.— Linpu., Veg. 
Kingd., 583.—Rosenta., Syn. Pl. Diaphor., 
244, 1114, 
3 P. grandiflora is the Wagenboom of the 
colonists of the Cape; it is, indeed, used for 
making wheels. 
4 Several of the Old World Helicias, trees 
with useful wood and edible seeds, no doubt 
belong to this genus. 
5 Especially 2. legalis Marr. 
6 Marr., Fl. Bras., Prot., 100. 
7 E. coccinewm is the Notro or Ciruerillo of 
the Chilians. (C. Gay, Fl. Chil., v. 307.) 
8In Chili L. ferruginea is named Romerillo, 
Piune, Fuinque; DL. dentata, Pinol, Guarda 
Suego ; L.obliqua, Raral, Nogal. (C. Gay, 
op. cit.) 
9 Especially 8. salignus R. Br. 
10 F, MUELL., Fragm., v. 23, 152. 
U That of Z ‘pum R. BR., 
the Kreupelboom of the Cape colonists, serves 
the same purposes. Its reddish wood is of good 
quality. 
2 B. emula R. Br., ericifolia L. FIL, in- 
tegrifolia L. Fit, serrata L, FIL. and spinulosa 
SM., among others. 
spermum 
