456 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
splinters, in water, in large iron retorts.! Camphor, when purified, 
is often used in medicine as a sedative, antiputrescent, determinant, 
anaphrodisiac, &c. The production of camphor has been attri- 
buted to several neighbouring species such as C. Parthenozylon’ 
and C. Glanduliferum, the former from Java and Sumatra, the 
latter from the East Indies. Cinnamon is the bark of several 
very aromatic species of Cinnamomum with opposite leaves. Of 
the two kinds known in commerce as Ceylon and China cinnamon, 
the former is produced by C. zeylanicum’ (figs. 240-243), the latter 
by C. Cassia.© The bark of the branches that have attained the 
right age’ is peeled off with knives, and rolls up into tubes cleft 
lengthwise, which are then properly sun dried.” That of the thinner 
branches is distilled to procure the volatile oil of cinnamon, also a 
commercial product. Another similar oil is distilled from the flowers 
and young fruits’ of C. zeylanicum. The Cassia lignea of the druggist 
appears to be the thicker bark of the old branches and stem.’ More- 
over the leaves of several members of this genus were formerly used 
in medicine under the name of Malabathrum.” Cinnamon of inferior 
quality is also obtained in India, Java, &c., from other species 
such as C. Sintok," Burmanni,” iners,’ multiflorum,” javanicum,* &c.;* 
1Grorre., Mat. Med., iv. 21 (ex Gur, 
op, cit,, 411).—Provst, in Ann. Chim., iv. 189, 
—Criféimanpor, in Journ, Pharm, iti. 358. 
These authors have treated on the processes used 
by the Dutch in refining camphor and giving 
it the form of large semitransparent cakes. 
2 Merssn., Prodr., n, 52.—Laurus porrecta 
Roxs.—L. Parthenoxylon Jack.—Camphora 
Parthenoxylon NeEs.— Sassafras Parthenoxylon 
Nrxs.—Parthenoxylon porrectum Bu,—Cayoo- 
gaddus Marsp., Hist, Sumatr., 129 (ex Rox,.). 
Parthenoxylon pruinosum Bu, is a variety of 
this. 
3 Mrissy., Prodr., nu. 47.—Laurus glandu- 
lifera Wati.—Camphora glandulifera NEES. 
4 See p. 426, note 2.—Guup., loc. cit, 
5 Bu, Bijdr., 570—Ners & Esrrm., Med. 
Pharm, Bot., ii. 424.—Hayneg, Arzn., 12, t. 23. 
—GuIB., loc. cit., 404.—C. aromaticum NEES, 
in Wall. Pl, As. Rar., ii. 74,—Laurus Cinna- 
momum ANDR. (nec Auctt.).—Laurus Mala- 
bathrum Reinw. (ex Bu, nec alior.).— Persea 
Cassia SPRENG., Syst., ii. 267. 
® From five or six to thirty years old. The 
harvest is twice a year, from April to August, 
and from November to January. (See Enp- 
LICHER, Enchirid., 201, for the curious details 
of this industry.) 
7 The pieces of bark are one within the other 
in Ceylon cinnamon, but not in the shorter pieces 
of China cinnamon, 
8 Flores Cassie, clavelli cinnamomei (Off.). 
See Guts., loc. cit., 404, 
9 Gutp., loc. cit., 407. 
10 GurpouRT (loc. cit., 408) ascribes these 
leaves to C, Malabathrum Bartx., and C. iners 
Bu., which form one and the same species (see 
below, notes 13, 14). 
M Bu, Bijdr., 571.—Meztssn., Prodr., n, 8.— 
Sintoc, Sendoe or Sintuk of the natives of 
Amboyna and Java. 
2 Bu. Bijdr.; 569.—Mutssy., Prodr., n. 17. 
—C. dulce Nrers.—Lauirus dulcis Roxs.—L. 
Burmanni NEES, 
3 Remnw., ex Bu. Bijdr., 570.—MEIssn., 
Prodr., n. 26.—C. Malabathrum Batr., in 
Nov. Act, Acad. Leop., xvii. 2, 618, t. 45.— 
C. nitidum Hoox., Exot. Fl, t. 176.—C. Cap- 
paru-coronde Bu. (?) 
M4 Wiaut, Icon. t. 131.—Mertssy., Prodr., 
n. 14,—Laurus multiflora Roxs. (ex WIGHT). 
1b Bu, Bijdr., 170; in Rumphia, 42, t. 19.— 
Metssy., Prodr., n. 1.—C. neglectum Bt., in 
Rumphia, 38,—Laurus Malabathrum Bur. 
(nec alior,).—Melastoma Reinwardtianum Bu, 
na 1069.— Syndok boom Hourt., Nat. Hist., 
ii. 337. 
6 See Rosentu. (Syn, Pl. Diaphor., 229), 
