480 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 
outer perianth-leaves; filaments free, 1- or 2-glandular at base ; 
anthers basifixed; connective thick; cells 2, lateral subintrorse, 
finally dehiscing by valves. Female flower:—receptacle urceolate, 
glandular rugose halfway up outside; mouth much constricted. 
Perianth inserted in mouth; leaves 8 or more rarely 10, 2-seriate 
valvate deciduous. Glands 4 (staminodes?) opposite outer leaves 
and inserted along with perianth. Germen included in receptacle 
‘1-celled ovule 1, descending from near apex of cell, anatropous ; 
style slender, traversed by 1 longitudinal groove; apex stigmatife- 
rous dilated, unequally crenate or lobed. Fruit dry indehiscent 
l-seeded, enveloped by truncate umbilicate receptacle, which is 
smooth outside or 8-10-grooved and slightly glandular at base. 
Seed exalbuminous; cotyledons thick fleshy ruminate; radicle 
superior short.—Trees ; leaves alternate petiolate coriaceous, some- 
times peltate, entire, palmi- or pinnativeined ; flowers forming a ter- 
minal or axillary raceme of cymes; cymes (?) pedunculate ternate ; 
common involuere 4-leaved foliaceous inserted on top of peduncle ; 
central flower female subsessile, possessing at base a truncate or 
4-toothed cupulate or shortly-urceolate proper involucel ; involucel 
accrescent, dilating into a bladder with truncate mouth around fruit 
and receptacle (Zropical America, Oceania, and Asia). See p. 445. 
