ELAHAGNACEA, 489 
however eaten by the birds in the winter; and they are rendered 
harmless to man by cooking, which removes the deleterious prin- 
ciple.' The pulpy layer of the indusium is sweet and subacid in the 
Oleasters; thus an edible fruit is afforded by £. orientalis, ferru- 
ginea, argentea, macrophylla,’ pungens,’ conferta,’ salicifolia,’ arborea,’ 
&c. &. Those of EF. hortensis® come very near jujubes in taste. 
LE. argentifolia has apple-scented flowers, whose perfume is so strong 
as to be sometimes oppressive. The flowers of this species and some 
others, produce large quantities of nectar, which has occasionally 
been collected for use in malignant fevers. A yellow dye is extracted 
from the fruit, and a brown colouring matter from the stem of 
HHippophae rhamnoides. 
They contain malic acid, like those of Ele- mutata Burnu., in Thur. Allg. Gartenzeit., ii. 
95 (ex Mzissn., Prodr., u. 1). 
US » 
1 They are used in Finland for making fish- 5 Touns., Fl. Jap. 67.— Fon Gommi 
sauce, &e. 
2 L., Mantiss., 41. Several authors make 
this only a variety of E. hortensis Bizz. (Fl. 
Taur.-Caue., ii. 112). The Bohemian Olive- 
tree (EZ. angustifolia L., Spec., ed. 2, i. 276) is 
made another variety with narrow leaves (see 
Metssn., Prodr., 609, n. 2). 
3 A. Ricu., Mon., 387, 404. 
4 Poursu, Fl. Amer. Sept., i. 114.—Z. com- 
Kezmrr., Amen., 789. 
6 THUNB. op. cit. 
Kezmpr., loc. cit. 
7 Roxz., Fl, Ind., i. 460.— Guara of the 
Bengalese. 
8 Loup., Encycl. 697. 
® Roxs., op. cit., 461.—Sheashong of Nepal. 
10 Like those of Z. hortensis, they are termed 
Zinzeyd in Persia, 
68. — Axin Gommi 
