GERM CELLS OF HERMAPHRODITES 195 
One of the problems connected with hermaphrodit- 
ism that has caused a great amount of discussion is 
whether the dicecious or the moneecious condition 
is the more primitive. The majority of zodlogists 
are inclined to consider the hermaphroditic condition 
more primitive, but a number of careful investigators 
have decided in favor of gonochorism. Among these 
are Delage (1884), F. Miiller (1885), Pelseener (1894), 
Montgomery (1895, 1906), and Caullery (1913). 
Very little is known regarding the segregation and 
early history of the germ cells of hermaphrodites. 
The principal results have been obtained from studies 
on Sagitta by Elpatiewsky (1909), Stevens (1910b), 
and Buchner (1910a, 19106), and on Helix by Ancel 
(1903), Buresch (1911), and Demoll (1912). Boveri 
(1911), Schleip (1911), and Kruger (1912) have made 
some interesting discoveries on the chromosome 
cycle in nematodes, and likewise Zarnik (1911) on 
pteropod mollusks. To this list we may add such 
investigations as those of King (1910), Kuschake- 
witsch (1910), and Champy (1913), on amphibians. 
The segregation of the germ cells in Sagitta was 
described and figured in Chapter VI (Fig. 54). Here 
the first division of the primordial germ cell is probably 
differential; one daughter cell becomes the ancestor 
of all the ova, the other of all the spermatozoa in the 
hermaphroditic adult. None of the three investi- 
gators who have studied this subject in Sagitta have 
been able to discover with certainty any visible differ- 
ences between the first two germ cells, but Elpatiew- 
sky thinks the peculiar cytoplasmic inclusion, called 
