GERM CELLS OF HERMAPHRODITES 209 
present time. Champy (1913) has found that the 
cells of Bidder’s Organ in Bufo pantherina pass 
through stages in their transformation similar to 
those of the primitive germ cells of Rana esculenta 
which become ova, and is inclined to the view that 
the principal difference between the toad and the 
intermediate type of young frogs lies in the fact 
that in the former the oviform cells are localized in 
Bidder’s Organ, whereas in the frog they are scattered 
throughout the germ gland. 
The development of the germ glands in the hag- 
fish, Myzxine glutinosa, resembles that in the toad 
in many respects. Cunningham (1886) and Nansen 
(1886) considered Myxine to be a protandric her- 
maphrodite. Schreiner (1904), however, was able to 
show that every adult is functionally male or female 
with a rudimentary ovary anteriorly situated and a 
posterior, mature testis, or a functional ovary ante- 
rior to arudimentary testis. These results were con- 
firmed by Cole (1905). 
Similar conditions have been found by Okkelberg 
(1914) in the young of the brook lamprey, Ento- 
sphenus wilderi. Of fifty larve ranging from 7 
cm. to 20 cm. in length, 46 per cent were true 
females, 10 per cent were true males, and 44 per cent 
were hermaphrodites. Since male and female adults 
are approximately equal in numbers, it was concluded 
that the juvenile hermaphrodites become adult 
males. In favor of this conclusion is also the fact 
that the adult males frequently possess ova in their 
gonads which resemble those present in the her- 
maphroditic larve. 
P 
