Q22 GERM-CELL CYCLE IN ANIMALS 
or they may remain separate and later become scat- 
tered. Paulcke (1900) also noted nuclear-like bodies 
near the odcyte nucleus of the queen bee, and Mar- 
shall (1907) has likewise found them in Polistes 
pallipes. In this species the nuclear-like bodies 
form a single layer around the nucleus; later they 
come to lie near the periphery of the odcyte and 
finally disappear. Loewenthal (1888) has described 
what appears to be chromatin in the cytoplasm of 
the egg of the cat, and an elimination of chromatin 
was noted by van Bambeke (1893) in the ovarian 
egg of Scorpena scrofa. In none of these species, 
however, have keimbahn-determinants been dis- 
covered. 
According to Buchner (1910) the “besondere 
Korper”’ in the egg of Sagitta, and in fact keimbahn- 
determinants in most other animals are of a chromid- 
ial nature, representing the tropho-chromatin de- 
manded by the binuclearity hypothesis. The term 
chromidia was introduced by R. Hertwig in 1902 and 
applied to certain chromatin strands and granules 
of nuclear origin in the cytoplasm of Actinospherium. 
Goldschmidt (1904) transferred the chromidia hy- 
pothesis to the tissue cells of Ascaris. Since then 
chromidia have been described in the cells of many 
animals, including both somatic and germ cells. 
Thus far the group of zodlogists that favor the 
chromidia idea have not received very extensive 
backing, but the fact remains that chromatin 
particles are in some cases cast out of the nuclei in 
the odcytes of certain animals and continue to exist 
