24 



style, so that all parts are interchangeable at all times and occasions 

 without delay or hesitation. 



In addition to the hive in which the hees are kept, it is necessary 

 to have other equipment to facilitate their handling. Since it has 

 become known, through experience, that hees are less inclined to 

 sting when filled with honey, it is found through the use of smoke the 

 bees become frightened and filled up with honey. Smoke is harmless 

 when properly used. A good smoker, consisting of a tin or copper 

 receptacle to hold material producing an abund- 

 ance of cool smoke with a bellows attached, is 

 indispensable. Rotten wood, oily waste secured 

 at garages or machine shops, gunny sacks and 

 cloth, are some excellent smoker fuels. 



Likewise a good veil is necessary to prevent 



stings on the face and neck. A veil of black 



material, preferably with a black silk tulle front. 



Such may be placed over a hat, the botton of it 



(By A. I. Root Co.) "coming down under the coat or vest, or by the 



Figure 8 ^gg o£ g, draw string, may be adjusted over the 



Standard Root shoulders and fastened in front to a button. This 



Smoker ^^ make a complete protection. Wire cloth 



veils are also excellent. Black fronts are recommended. Even if a 



veil is not always used, it is desirable to have one at hand in case 



the bees become cross. 



For those who are beginning beekeeping and until fear is over-come 

 through familiarity, a pair of leather or cloth gauntlet gloves serve 

 as protection to the hands. Gloves become cumbersome and hinder 

 most manipulations. The seasoned beekeeper prefers to have his 

 hands free at all times, paying little attention to stings. 



SPECIAL KQUIPMENT NEEDED. 



It is important to have some sort of hive tool, which may be an 

 ordinary screw driver, a putty knife, or better a special tool. 



Drone traps, feeders, bee escapes, foundation fasteners, bee brushes, 

 and special apparatus for producing comb and extracted honey, will be 

 mentioned where their needs are required. 



COMB rOUNDATION AND ITS VALIte. 



It has been estimated that it requires from seven to twenty pounds 

 of honey to be consumed by the bees to produce a pound of comb. 

 The amount undoubtedly varies according to the season, the warmth 

 of the hive and strength of the colony. Since the amount is so vari- 

 able, it can be safe to estimate that it costs the bees no less than an 

 average of ten pounds of honey for each pound of comb produced, 

 including the time lost in secretion and construction. The cost ol 

 comb can be easily estimated. Since the averaging price of honey 

 this past season has been twenty cents, the cost for one pound of comb 

 would be two dollars. Furthermore it has been determined to a 

 degree of certainty that one ounce of comb will hold one pound of 



