PBRIOAKP. 



113 



551. Porous dehiscence is exemplified in the poppy, where the seeds 

 escape by orifices near the top of the fruit. It is not common. 



552. CiRCDMSCissiLE {circumscindo, to cut around), when the top 

 of the ovary opens or falls ofi' like a lid, as in Jeffersonia, henbane, 

 plantain. 



553. Carpophore. Some fruits, as the Gerania and TJmbeliferse, are 

 furnished with a carpophore, that is, a slender column from the recep- 

 tacle, prolonged through the axis of the fruit, supporting the carpels. 



554. The moephologt of the pericarp is exceedingly diversified, but it will suf- 

 fice the learner at first, to acquaint himself with the leading forms only, such as are 

 indicated in the following synopsis and more definitely described afterward. 



555. The following is a synopsis of the principal forms of Pericarps. 



§ l._ FREE FRUITS (FORMED BY A SINaLB PLOWEb). 



* Pericarps lUDEmscBNT, 



f With usually but one seed, and 

 \ Uniform, or X-coated. 



1. Separated from the seed. 



2. Inflated, often breaking away. 



3. Inseparable from the seed. 



4. Invested with a oupule (involucre). 



5. Having winged appendages. 

 Double or triple-coated, fleshy or fibrous. 



6. Three-coated. Stone cell entire. 

 1. Two-coated. Stone cell 2-parted. 



8. Drupes aggregated. 

 \ "With two or more seeds, 



\ Immersed in a fleshy or pulpy mass. 



9. Rind membranous. 



10. Rind leathery, separable. 



11. Rind hard, crustaceous. 

 \ Inclosed in distiiict cells. 



Achenium (buttercups). 

 Utricle (pigweed). 

 Caryopsis (grasses). 

 Glaus (oak). 

 Samara (ash). 



Drupe (cherry). 

 Tryma (walnut). 

 Etasrio (raspberry). 



Berry (gooseberry). 

 Hesperidum (orange)- 

 Pepo (squash) 

 Pome (apple). 



* Pericarps DEmscENT. 



12. Dehiscence circumscissile. seeds oo . 

 f Dehiscence valvular or porous ; 



X Simple or l-carpeled, 



13. Opening by the ventral suture. 



14. Opening by both sutures. 



15. Legume jointed. 

 \ Compound pericarps; 



16. Placentae parietal with two cells. 



Silique short. 



17. PlacentEe parietal only when 1-celled. 



18. Capsule with carpophore and elastic styles. Regma (Geranium). 



§ 2. CONFLUEITT FRUITS (FORMED OF AN INFLORESCENCE). 



* "With open carpels aggregated into a cone. Strobile (pine). 



* "With closed carpels aggregated into a mass, as in the fig, mulberry, Osage-orange, 



pine-apple, etc. 



8 



Pyxis (henbane). 



Follicle (columbine). 

 Legume (pea). 

 Loment (Desmodium). 



Silique (mustard). 

 Silicle (shepherd's purse). 

 Capsule (flax). 



