THK ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM. 167 



§ 1. The first thiutbbn classes comprehend all such plants 

 as have their flowers all perfect, their stamens unconnected and 

 and of equal length, or at least neither didynamous nor tetra- 

 dynamous. 

 Claaa t Monandbia, — one stamen to each flower (Saltwort, etc.). 

 Class II. DiANDEiA, — two stamens (Circsea, Veronica). 

 Class III. TwANDRi-i, — ^three stamens (Iris. Nearly all the Grasses). 

 Class IT. Teteandhia, — ^four stamens (Galium, Plantago). 

 Class V. Pentandria, — ^five stamens (Vitia, Conium). 

 Class VI. Hbxandeia, — six stamens (Lily, Tulip, Luzula). 

 Class VII. Heptandeia, — seven stamens (Trientalis). 

 Class VIII. Octandria, — eight stamens (Erica, (Enothera). 

 Class IX. Enneandeia, — ^nine stamens (Rheum, Sassafras). 

 Class X. DEOANDRiA,^en stamens (Bianthus, Rhododendron). 

 Class XL DoDEOANDEiA, — ^twelve to nineteen stamens (Asarum). 

 Class XII. IcosANDRiA, — twenty or more stamens, perigynous (Eosa). 

 Class XIII. POLYANDRIA, — twenty or more stamens, hypogynous (Ranunculus, 

 Papaver). 

 § 2. The next two classes are founded on the relative 

 length of the stamensj the flowers being perfect and stamens 

 generally unconnected. 

 Class XIV. DmYNAMiA, — ^four stamens, two long and two short, by pairs, as in 



Antirrhinum, PrimeUa. 

 Class XV. Teteadynamia, — six stamens, four long and two short, as in the 

 wall-flower and the Cruciferae generally. 

 § 3. The next foor classes are determined by the con- 

 nection or union of the stamens. 

 Class XVI. MoNADELPHiA, — Stamens united by their filaments into one set, as 



in Malva, Geranium. 

 Class XVII. DiADELPmA, — stamens united by their filaments into two sets 



(Polygala, pea, Lathyrus). 

 Class XVIII. Polyadelphia, — stamens united by their filaments into three or 



more sets (Hypericum). 

 Class XIX. Syngenbsia, stamens united by their anthers, as in the Asters and 

 other Compositse. 

 § 4. The next class depends for its character upon the ad- 

 hesion of the stamens with the pistil. 

 Class XX. Gynandria, — stamens and styles united, forming a colunm, as in 

 Orchis, Asclepias. 

 § 5. The next three classes include all plants with diclin- 

 ous flowers, some with pistils, some with stamens only. 

 Class XXI. MONCBCIA, — staminate and pistillate flowers, both upon the same 



plant (Pinus, Arum, Hazel). 

 Class XXII. DiOBOlA, — staminate and pistUlate flowers on separate plants (Wil- 

 low, Hemp, Hop, Smilax). 

 Class XXIII. PoLYGAMlA, — staminate, pistillate and perfect flowers either on tha 

 same or on different plants, as in Acer, Acacia, Veratrum). 

 § 6. The last class includes flowerless plants. 



