174 NOMBNCLATDKE. BOTANICAL ANALYSIS. 



Cohort 6. PloridejB (Liliacese, etc.). 

 Class IV. Gluniifefse, or Glumacese. 



Cohort 7. Graminoideae (Sedges, grasses). 

 The sub-kingdom Cetptogamia, or Flowbkless Plants. 

 Province 3. Acrogenm. 

 Class V. Angiosporse. 



Cohort 8. Sporogamia (Marsilleaceae, Lycopodiacese). 

 Cohort 9. Thallogamia (Filices, etc.). 

 Cohort 10. Axogamia (Mosses and Hepaticse). 

 Province 4. ThallogenoB. 

 Class VI. Gymnosporas. 



Cohort 11. Aerophyta (Lichens). 

 Cohort 12. Hysterophyta (Fungi). 

 Cohort 13. Hydrophyta (Alg«). 



CHAPTEE IV. 



§ 1. NOMENOLATUEE. BOTANICAL ANALYSIS. 



909. The names of the Orders are Latin adjectives (feminine, plural, to agree 

 with plajntfe, plants, understood), usually derived from the name of the most promi- 

 nent, or leading genua, in each, by changing or prolonging the termination into 

 acea, as Rosacece, the rose tribe, Pa^averacece, the poppy tribe, from Rosa and Pa- 

 paver. Earlier names, however, derived from some leading character in the order, 

 and with various terminations, are still retained. Thus, Composike, with compound 

 flowers ; Labiatce, with labiate flowers. 



910. Generic names are Latin substantives, arbitrarily formed, often from some 

 medicinal virtue, either supposed or real, or from some obvious character of the 

 genus ; sometimes from the native country of the plants, or from +,he name of some 

 distinguished botanist, or patron of botany, to whom tho genus is thus said to be 

 dedicated. Also the ancient classic names, either Latin or Greek, are often retained. 

 Examples of all these modes of construction will be hereafter seen. 



911. Specific names are Latin adjectives, singular number, and agreeing in gen- 

 der with the name of the genus to which they belong. They are mostly founded 

 upon some distinctive, character of tho species; as Gerardia gl/mca, glaucous- 

 stemmed Gerardia ; G. pwrpurea, purple-flowered Gerardia ; G. tenuifolia, slender- 

 leaved Gerardia. Frequently the species is named after some other genus, which, 

 in some respect, it resembles; as Gerardia quercifoUa, oak-leaved Gerardia. Q. 

 delphinifolia, larkspur-leaved Gerardia. 



912. Commemorative specific names. Species, like genera, are also some- 

 times named in commemoration of distinguished peraons. The rules given by Lind- 

 ley, for the construction of such names, are, 1st. If the person ia the discoverer, the 

 specific name is a substantive in the genitive case, singular number ; as, Lobdia 

 Kalmii, Kalm's Lobelia ; Pinus Fraseri, Eraser's pine. 2d. If the name is merely 

 conferred in honor of the person to whom it is dedicated., it is an adjective ending 



