Obdbr 2.— MAGNOLIACB^. 213 



4 P. Moutdn L. Chinese Tree Pjeont. St. shrubby; Ifts. oblong-ovate, 

 glaucous and somewhat hairy beneath, terminal 1 — 3-lobed ; ova. 5, distinct sur- 

 rounded by the very large disk. — ^From China. The woody stem branches into a 

 bush 3 — 4f high. Lvs. large, on long stalks. Pis. very large, always double 

 in cultivation, fragrant and truly splendid. This plant is remarkable for produc- 

 ing the largest form of disk in the vegetable kingdom. 



5 P. papaverdcea L. St. shrubby ; Ifts. oblong-ovate, glaucous and sUghtly 

 hairy beneath, terminal one lobed ; ova. about 5, closely united into a globous head. — 

 From China. Eesembles the last in foHage, but is remarkably distinguished from 

 all the other species by its united carpels. Flowers white, with a purple centre, 

 often single in cultivation. Other species and varieties are cultivated, rarely in 

 this country, amounting to about 150 in all. 



Order IE MAGNOLIACEJE. Magnoliads. 



JVees or shrubs with alternate, coriaceous, simple, entire or lobed (never toothed) 

 leaves. Leaf buds sheathed with membranous stipules which soon fall off. Fls. 

 large, polypetalous, polyandrous, polygamous, hypogynous, perfect. Calyx and 

 corolla imbricated in bud, colored aUke, in 3 or more 3-merous circles. Ovaries 

 several or many, compactly covering the elongated torus. Fruit of numerous dry 

 or fleshy carpels, aggregated into a sort of cone. Seeds 1 or 2 in each carpel, with 

 a minute embryo in fleshy albumen. (See Figs. 68, T2, 131.) 



An order of 32 genera and 63 species, including some of the most splendid of flowering trees 

 «nd shrubs. Most of them belong to the Southern States, some to the Western, and a few to 

 Japan, China and India. 



Properties. — The bark is aromatic, containing an intensely bitter principle, which is tonic 

 and stimulating. Tlio flowers are fragrant and aromatic in a high degree. 



' TRIBES AND GENERA. 



Tribe ILLICIEiE. Carpels arranged into a single circle Illichtm. 1 



Tribe MAGNOLIEJE. Carpels imbricated into a cone-like fruit.* 



* Anthers opening inwards. Lvs. folded lengthwise in bud Magnolia. 2 



* Anthers opening outwards. Lvs. folded crosswise in bud Lieiodendkon. 8 



1. ILLfCIUM, L. Star Anise. Sepals 3 — 6, colored ; petals 6 — 30 ; 

 carpels capsular, dry, arranged circularly, dehiscent on the upper side, 

 each with one smooth shining seed. — Shrubs with very smooth, ever- 

 green leaves ; exhaling, when bruised, the odor of Anise. 



1 I. florid^num Ellis. Petals 21 — 30, purple; lvs. acuminate. — Swamps, Fla. 

 to La. Shrub 4 — 8f high. Lvs. on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, slightly 

 acuminate, entire, smooth, thick^ 3 — 6' by 1 — 2'. Fls. about IJ' broad, on 

 slender, nodding pedicles. Cal. deciduous. Petals purplish crimson, linear; 

 obtuse, in 3 whorls. Sta. 30 or more. Ova. about 12 in one regular circle, 

 with short, recurved styles. Seed polished, as large as that of the apple. May. 



2 I. parvifldra Mx. Petals 6 — 12, yellowish; lvs. oblong, obtusish. — River 

 banks, Fla. and Ga. Shrub 6 — lOf high. Lvs. thick and leathery, enthe, on 

 short petioles. Fls. smaller than in the last, nodding, duU yellow. Petals ovate 

 or roundish, concave. May. The bark and leaves of these plants are strongly 

 aromatic and spicy, in their properties, much resembling Anise. The root of tho 

 latter has the properties of Sassafras. 



2. MAGNOLIA, L. (Named for Prof. Magnol, a French botanist 

 of the lYth century.) Sepals 3 ; petals 6 — 9 ; anthers longer than 

 the filaments, opening inwards ; carpels 2-valved, 1 — 2-seeded, aggre- 

 gated into a hard, cone-like fruit; seeds berry -like, and suspended from 

 the opening carpels by a long funiculus. — ^Trees and shrubs with large, 

 fragrant flowers. Lvs. conduplicate in the bud, embracing and em- 

 braced by the sheathing stipules. 



