242 Order 16.— TIOLAOB^. 



placentae. Style 1, deolinate. Siig. cuoullate. R. a 3-valved capsule. Sds. many, 

 with a crustaceous testa and distinct chalazau (Illustrations in Figs. 101, 305, 348, 

 402, 604.) 



Genera 'ii, species 800, mostly inhabitants of the Northern temperate zone. The roots o/ 

 almost all tho Violaoese possess cmetie properties, and some are Talued in meiiicine. The Ipecac 

 of tho shop is partly the product of certain Brazilian species of lonidium. Several species of 

 the violet are cultivated for the beauty of their flowers. 



§ Sepals unequal, more or less auricled at base Yiola. 1. 



§ Sepals nearly equal, not auricled at base Solea. 2. 



1. ViOLA, L. Violet. Pansey. (From tlie Latin.) Sepals 5, unequal, 

 auricular at base;, petals 5, -irregular, the broadest spurred at base, tho 

 2 lateral equal, opposite ; stamens approximate, anthers connate, two of 

 them with appendages at the back ; capsule l-celled, 3-valved, seeds 

 attached to the middle of the valves. — U Low, herbaceous plants. 

 Ped. angular, solitary, 1 -flowered, recurved at the summit so as to bear 

 the flowers in a resupinate position. Joints of the rhizome often bear- 

 ing apetalous flowers. 



* Acaulescent. — Petals yellow No. 1. 



— Petals white Nos. 2 — t 



— Petals blue, — beardless Nos. 5 — T. 



— bearded. — Lvs. divided Nos. 8, 9^, 9y, 



— Lvs. undivided Nos. 9 — ^11. (Exotic No. 21.) 



* Caulescent — Petals yellow. Sts. leafy at the top only Nos. 12—14. 



—Petals not quite yellow. — Stipules entire Nos. 15. 



— Stipules fringe-toothed Nos. 16 — 18. 



— Stipules lyrate-pinnatifid, very large. ..Nos. 19, 26. 



1 V. rotundifolia Mx. Fig. 805. Lvs. orbicular-ovate, cordate, slightly ser- 

 rate, nearly smooth, with the sinus closed ; petiole pubescent ; cal. obtuse. — A 

 small, early violet, found in woods, N. Eng. to Tenn. Lvs. varying from ovate to 

 reniform, mostly round, with a narrow sinus at baise. Yeins and petioles pubes- 

 cent. Ped. as long as the leaves, sub-4-sided, braoted in the middle. Petals yel- 

 low, marked at base with brown lines. Fls. small. Mar., May. 



2 V. lanceoMta L. Lvs. smooth, lanceolate, tapering at hose into the long petiole 

 obtusish, suborenate. — Found in wet meadows. Can. and TJ. S. Bhizomo creep- 

 ing. Lvs. varying from lanceolate to linear, and, with the stalk 3 — 5' long. 

 Petioles half-round. Ped. sub-4-sided. Petals white, greenisli at base, upper and 

 lateral ones marked with blue lines, generally beardless. Fls. small, those from 

 the lower nodes of tho rhizomo apetalous. Mar. (S) — May. 



3 V. primulaefolia L. Lvs. lance-ovate, abrupoly contracted at hose and deour- 

 rent on the petiole ; petals nearly equal, beardless. — Pound in damp soils, Mass. 

 to Ga. and Tenn. Rhizomo creeping. Lvs. sometimes suboordate, rather obtuse, 

 crenate, pubescent or nearly smooth. Petals obovate, flat, marked with purple 

 lines at base, generally beardless and obtuse. Fls. small, white, on sub-4-sided 

 stalks. May, in N. Eng. 



/3. ACUTA Torr. & Gr. — Smooth ; lvs. ovate ; petals acute, lateral ones nearly 

 beardless. Mass. (V. acuta Br.) 



4 V. bldnda "Willd. Lvs. cordate, roundish, slightly pubescent; petiole pubes- 

 cent ; petals beardless. — Found in meadows. Can. to Penn. Rhizome slender and 

 creeping. Lvs. close to the earth and sometimes with a rounded sinus so as to 

 appear reniform. Petioles half round. Peduncles sub-4-sided, longer than the 

 leaves. Petals white, greenish at base, upper and lateral ones marked with a few 

 blue lines. Fls. small, fragrant. May (V. dandestina Ph. V. araceua Le Conte). 



5 V. paliistris L. Lvs. reniform-cordaie ; stip. broadly ovata acuminate ; stig. 

 margined ; sep. ovate, obtuse, spur very short ; caps, oblong- triangular. — Summits 

 oftheWhito Mts. About 3' high, pubescent. Lvs. crenate, 1' by J'. Fls. small, 

 pale blue on peduncles longer than the leaves and bibracteate near tho middle 

 Rhizome creeping, scaly. Jn. 



6 v. Selkfrkii Goldie. Selkirk's Violet. Lvs.'or'bicular-cordate, cceas.'mljset- 

 rate, the sinus deep and nearly closed; spw nearly as long as the petals, thick 



