376 Okdbr 63.— TJiCBBLLIFERiE. 



thickened baaea. Stigmas simple. Pruii a cremocarp (§ 557), coneisting of 2 co- 

 herent achenia called mericarps which separate along the middle space, which is 

 called the commisswe. 

 Ca/rpophore, the slender, simple or forked axis attached to and supporting the 



mericarps at top, inclosed between them at the commissure. 

 Mhs — 5 ridges traversing each mericarp lengthwise, and often 4 intermediate or 



secondary ones, some, all, or none of them winged. 

 Vittcs — little tubular receptacles of colored volatile oil imbedded in the substance 



of the pericarp, just beneath the intervals of the ribs, and also sometimes in the 



iace of the commissure. 

 Binbryo in the base of abundant, horny albumen. (Blust. in figs. 25, 27, 102,, 134, 



135, 163, 207, 297, 433.) 



Genera 270, species 1500 or more. A large and well defined natural order, native of damp 

 places, waysides, groves, &c., in the cool parts of the world. Very few are found iu tropical 

 countries, except upon the mountains. 



Properties, aromatic, stimulant and carminative, depending upon a volatile oil residing in the 

 vittjB of the fruit, in the roots, &c. The herbage is frequently pervaded by an acrid, narcotic 

 principle, rendevinj; it very poisonous. Of this nature is the Coniuin maculatum (Hemlock), 

 Cicuta virosa, jEthusa Cynapinm (Fool's Parsley), besides many others which have at least a 

 suspicious character. But the fruit is never puisonous, and is usually stimulant and aromatic, 

 as Caraway, Anise, Dill, Coriander, &c. Even the roots and herbage of other species are whole- 

 some and imtritive, as the Carrot, Parsnip, Sweet Cisely, Celery, and Archangelica. The gum 

 resin assqfceUda exudes from incisions on the Ferula of Persia. The Own Galbammi is the 

 product tifGalbanutii officinale, an Indian species. The genera of the Umbelliferie are often best 

 defined by characters founded npon the number and deve!<?pment of the ribs, the presence or 

 absence of the vittce, and the form of the albumen, particularly at the commissure. These 

 parts, therefore, minute as they are, will require the especial attention of the student. 



De CandoUe subdivided the Umbelworts i^to sections, depending upon the form of the albu- 

 men and seed, whether (1.) flat on the inner face, or (2.) convolute at the sides, br (3.) involute 

 at the euds. This arrangement is often impracticable as a step in the 



ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA. 

 § Flowers in simple umbels, sometimes splcate. Leaves simple, (a) 

 § Flowers in capitate umbels, i. e., sessile, forming dense heads, (b) 

 § Flowers in regularly compound umbels, not sessile in heads. (1) 



1 Fruit flattened on the bad?:, the margins only singly winged, (c) 

 1 Fruit flattened on the back, the margin only doubly winged, (d) 

 1 Fruit terete or flattened on the sides. — Eibs bristly ochinate. (e) 



— Eibs smooth. Flowers xanthic. (f) 

 — Kibs smooth. Flowers cyanic. (2) 

 2 Plants exotic, growing in gardens, &c. (1) 

 2 Plants native or naturalized, growing wild. (3) 

 3 Fruit slender, thrice longer than wide, often beaked, (g) 

 3 Fruit short, once to twice as long as wide. — Kibs (Q to 10)-winged. (h 



— Eibs not winged. (4) 

 4 Seed furrowed or excavated on the inner face, (i) 

 4 Seed flat on the inner face. — Involucre none or almost none, (j) 



— Involucre of 2 to 8 bracts, (k) * 



a Fruit flat, orbicular. Leaves round or roundish IIydbocotti.ii;. 1 



a Fruit globular. Leaves linear, fleshy phyllodia Cuantzia. 2 



b Flowers partly sterile. Fruit densely muricate, few Sanicula. 3 



b Flowers all fertile. Fruit scaly, many in the head Eutngiujj. 4 



Flowers yellow. Fruit with a thick, corky margin Polyt^nia. 5 



o Flowers yellow. Fruit with a thin margin Pastinaoa. 6 



C Flowers white, — of two sorts, — the marginal radiant Heraoleum. 7 



— all alike.— Lfts. 8 to 9, mostly entire AucnKMORA. 8 



— Lfts. 0, phyllodia linear Tiedemannia. 9 



d Seed adherent to the pericarp, with 6 to 8 vittaj Angelica. 10 



d Seed not adherent, &c., all covered with vittce. AiicnANQELicA. 11 



6 Involucre of several pinnatifid bracts Dauous. 13 



f Involucels of ovate, entire bracts. Leaves Bimple Bcplueum. 13 



f Involucels none. Carpels with 5 obtuse jibs Anetiittm. 14 



f Involucels subulate.— Eiba sharp or winged. Leaflets toothed Tiiasphtm. 15 



—Kibs not at all winged. Leaflets entire Zizia. 16 



