S90 Order 65.— CORNACB^. 



near the summit. la ths South it attains the height of 20 to 30f, usually with- 

 out a branch, imitating the form of the palm (as Elliott remarlra) more nearly 

 than any other tree. Its leaves are there 4 to 6f in length. Fla. white. Aug. — 

 Properties emetic and cathartic. 



2. PA'WAX, L. Ginseng. (Gr. irav, all, aKog, a remedy ; i. e., a 

 panacea, or universal remedy.) Dioeciously polygamous. Q Calyx 

 adnate to the ovary, limb short, obsoletely 5-tootlied ; petals 6 ; stamens 

 5, alternate with the petals ; styles and carpels 2 to 3 ; fruit baccate, 

 2 to 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. S Calyx limb nearly entire ; petals 

 and stamens 5.— Herbs or shrubs. Lvs. 3 (in the herbaceous species)', 

 palmately compound. Fls. in- a solitary, simple umbel. 



1 P. trifdlium L. Ground-nut. Dwarf Ginseng. Bt. globom, tuberous ; ha. 



3, verlioillate, 3 to 5-foliate, Ifis. wedge-lanceolate, serrate subsessile ; sty. 3 ; ber- 

 ries 3-seede(J. — Common in low woods. Can. to S. States. The globular root is 

 deep in the ground, nearly -J' diam., connected with the stem by a short, screw- 

 like ligament. The st. arises 3 to 6' above the surface, smooth, slender and 

 simple. At the summit is a whorl of 3 compound lvs. with a central ped. ter- 

 minating in a little umbel of pure white fls. Lfts. generally 3, nearly or quite 

 smooth. Barron and fertile fls. on different plants, the latter without stamens, 

 succeeded by green berries, the former witli a single abortive style. May. 



2 P. quinquefdlium L. lit. fusiform; lvs. 3, verticiUate, 5-foliate; lfts. mal, 

 acuminate, serrate, petiolate ; ped. of the umbel rather shorter than tlie common' 

 petiole. — Not uncommon in rooky or mountainous woods. Can. to S. States. 

 Rt. whitish, thick and fleshy. St. round, smooth; If high, with a terminal whorl 

 Of 3 compound lvs. and a central ped. bearing a simple umbel. Fls. small, yel- 

 lowish, on short pedicels, the barren one.9 borne on separate plants have larger 

 petals and an entire calyx. Berries bright scarlet. Jn. — Aug. The root is in 

 some estimation as a drug. 



3. HED'ERA, L. European Ivy. (Celtic hedra, a cord ; from the 

 vine-like habit.) Calyx 5-toothed ; petals 5, dilated at the base ; berry 

 5-seeded, surrounded by the permanent calyx. — European shrubby 

 plants, climbing or erect, with simple, evergreen lvs. and green fls. 



H. H&lix L. ' St. and branches long and flexible, attached to the earth or 

 trees or wall by numerous radicating fibres ; lvs. dark green, smooth, with white 

 veins, petiolate, lower ones 5-lobed, upper ovate ; fls. in nura erous umbels, form- 

 ing a corymb ; berry black, with a mealy pulp. — Native of Britain. There are 

 several varieties in gardens, f 



Order LXV. CORNACE^. Cornels. 



TVeas and shrubs, seldom herbs, without stipules. Leaves opposite (alternate in 



one species), simple, with pinnale veinlets. Flowers 4-merous. Sepals adherent to 



the ovary, the limb minute, i-toothed or lobed. Petals 4, disti ot, alternate with 



the calyx teeth, valvate in the bud. Stamens same number as petals, inserted on 



the margin of tho epigynous disk. Ovary 1 or 2-celled. Fruit a baccate drupe 



crowned with the calyx.* , 



ffenera 9, species 40. They nre natives throughout tho temperate zone of both continents. 

 Tho Order la distinguished for its bitter and astringent bark. That of Corniis flovida is an ex- 

 cellent tonic similar in its notion to the Peruvian- bark. Many are beautiful shrubs in cul- 

 tivation. 



i. COR'NUS, L. Dogwood. (Lat. cornu, a horn ; from the hard- 

 ness of the wood of some species.) Calyx limb of 4 minute segments ; 

 petals 4, oblong, sessile ; stamens 4 ; style somewhat clubshaped ; 

 drupe baccate, with a 2 or 3-oelled nut. — ^Trees, shrubs, or perennial 



