Order 66.— OOENAOEiE. 391 



herbs. Lvs. (mostly opposite) entire. Fls. in cymes, often involucrate. 

 Floral envelops valvate in aestivation. Bark bitter, tonic. 



I Cymes subtended by a 4-luttved, white involucre Nos. 1, 2 



§ Cymes naked. — ^Leaves alternate No. 3 



— Leaves opposite. — Twigs and cymes pubescent No. 4 



— Twigs, &c., glabrous. — Drupes white Nos. 5, 6 



—Drupes blue Nos. 7, 3 



1 C. Canadensis. L. Low Cornel or Dog-wood. Herbaceous, low; uppe* 

 lvs. whoried, veiny, on short petioles ; st. simple. — ^A small, pretty plaut, in woods, 

 nearly throughout N. Am., N. of lat. 39°. Rhizome creeping, woody. The 

 flowering stems erect 4 to 8' high, bearing 2 small bracts in the middle, and a 

 whorl of 6 leaves at tho top, two of which are larger, placed a little lower and 

 opposite. An umbellate cyme of flowers arises from the center of the whorl, 

 and with its large, showy involucre of 4 white leaves, might easily be taliien for 

 a single flower. A bunch of red berries succeeds. The barren st. supports a 

 whorl of 4 equal leaves. May, Jn. 



2 C. florida L. Flowerins Dogwood. Arboreous ; lvs. opposite, ovate, acu- 

 minate, entire ; fls. small, in a close, oymous umbel or head, surrounded by a 

 very large, 4 leaved, obcordate involucre. — A tree from 20 to 30f in height, very 

 ornamental when in flower. Woods, TJ. S. and Can. "Wood hard and compact, 

 covered with a rough, extremely bitter bark, used in medicine as a tonic, Lvs. 

 (partially expanded at flowering) nearly smooth, veiny, pale beneath. The true 

 fls. are inconspicuous, greenish yellow, but the involucre is very large and showy, 



. of veiny, white obovate lvs. ending in a callous point, which is turned up or 

 down so abruptly as to appear emarginate. Drapes red. May. 



3 C. alternifolia L. Lvs. alternate, oval, acute, hoary beneath; branches 

 alternate, verrucous ; drupes purple, globous. — A small tree, N. and "W. States 

 and Can., about twice the height of the last, in moist woods. The branches are 

 smooth, even, spreading from the upper part of tlie stem, and forming a depressed 

 summit. Bark greenish, marked with warty streaks. Lvs. irregularly scattered 

 along the branches, oval-lanceolate, acute, entire veined, whitish underneath, on 

 rather long stalks. Fls.. pale buff color, in a loose cyme. Jn. 



4 C. serioea L. Brariches ^reading, pti/rplish, iranchlets woolly; hs. ovate, 

 rmmded at Tjase, acuminate, silky-pubescent leneath; cymes depressed, woolly; 

 drupes bright Wus.-^TJ. S. and Can. A variety has lvs. tapering at ba.se. A 

 shrub about 8f high, with opposite, dusky purple branches, and dark red shoots. 

 Lvs. 2 to 4' long, J as wide, varying from ovate and oval to lanceolate, nearly 

 smooth above, with rather prominent veins; petioles J to 1' long. Fls. yellowish 

 white, appearing in June. 



5 C. paniculata L'Her. Brandhes erect, grayish, smooth ; lvs. ovate-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, roughish above, hoary beneath ; cymes panicidate ; drupes white. — A 

 handsome shrub lOf high, profusely flowering, common in low woodlands and 

 thickets, N". and "W. States and Can. It has numerous and very branching sts. 

 covered with grayish bark, the shoots chestnut-colored. Lvs. 1 to 3' long. Fls. 

 small, white in aU their parts, in many small, conical cymes, succeeded by drupes 

 as large as peas. May, Jn. 



6 C. stolonifera Mx. Bed Osiee. St. often stoloniferous ; branches smooth ; 

 shoots virgate, reddish purple ; lvs. broad-ovate, acute, pubescent, hoary beneath ; 

 cymes naked, flat ; iDerries white. — A small tree, N. and "W. States, and Can., 

 8 to lOf in height, with smooth, slender, spreading branches, which are commonly 

 red, especially in winter. It often sends out from its base prostrate and rooting 

 stems, with erect shoots. Fls. in terminal cymes, white, followed by bluish- 

 white drupes. May, Jn. 



7 C. strf Ota Lam. Branches erect, brown, glabrous; te. elliptica,l or lance-ovate, 

 nearly glabrous and green loth sides; acute at base, long-acuminate at apex; 

 petioles very short; cymes loose, umbel-like, fastigiate, glabrous; cal. teeth sub- 

 ulate, half as long as ovary ; pet. ovate-lanceolate, rather acute ; anthers and 

 drapes pale blue. — Swamps, Va. to Fla. Shrub 8 to 12fhigh, readily known 

 by its slender-pointed, short-stalked lvs. Apr. 



